词类
名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词 数词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语
词
- 实词：做句子成分；
- 虚词：不做句子成分；+其他词性=句子某种成分
词类和句子成分之间的关系
| 词类 | 句子成分 |
|---|---|
| 名词 | 主语 宾语 定语 表语 补语 |
| 动词 | 谓语 |
| 形容词 | 定语 补语 表语 |
| 副词 | 状语 表语 |
主语
主语表明句子中说的是谁或是什么。
-
told us an interesting story.（名词）
-
love our motherland.（代词）
-
is nine.（数词）
-
is a good exercise.（动名词）
-
is to believe（动词不定式）
-
is more practice.（从句）
定语
主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等也可充当定语。
- His words moved everyone
.（形容词修饰不定代词）
- This is a
bridge.（名词作定语）
- His father is
maths teacher.（代词作定语）
- We belong to the
world.（数次作定语）
- We should have told us if there was anything
.（副词作定语）
- Yesterday the scientist madde a report
.（介词短语作定语）
- Do you have anythong more
.（不定式作定语）
- Do you know the number of books
?（过去分词短语作定语）
-
dogs seldom bitm.（现在分词作定语）
- He is a man
.（定语从句作定语）
词汇&语法？
英语中有词汇词（lexical word）和语法词（grammatical word）。
“实词”或“词汇词”起表意作用；
“虚词”或“语法词”起语法的作用。
举例
- tree
- run
- pretty
- quickly
- happiness
- contribute
- ambitious
- cordially
- of
- and
1-10意义越来越虚
根据动词分类句子
- enjoy 的语法型式（grammatical pattern）
enjoy+onself/doing/sth.
- I enjoyed myself at the party.对
- They enjoy running in the evening.对
- We enjoyed the film very much.对
- He enjoyed them very much at the party.(×)
- She enjoyed that the food at the party was delicious.(×)
- deprive和deny两个词的语法型式
deprie(剥夺)
V sb of sth
deny(剥夺）
V sb sth;V sth to sb
- We deprived them of access to the information.对
- We deprived them access to the information.(×)
- We denied them access to the information. 对
- We denied access to the information to them.对
- We denied them of access to the information.(×)
