参数名称

db_user:数据库账号
db_passwd:数据库密码
time:当前日期（20210522）
backup_dir:备份文件路径
db_name_list:数据库名称

脚本效果

备份db_name_list所有库中的表结构和数据，--ignore-table=$db_name.xxx_xxx_xxx 排除xxx_xxx_xxx表，备份文件保留当前日期和七天以前的备份文件。

db_user="xxx"
db_passwd="xxx"
time=`date --date='0 days ago' "+%Y%m%d"`
backup_dir="/data/mysql-backup/data"

db_name_list='db1 db2 db3 db4'

for db_name in $db_name_list
 do
  back_path=$backup_dir/$db_name
  mkdir -p $back_path
  mysqldump $db_name --ignore-table=$db_name.xxx_xxx_xxx >"$back_path/$time.sql"
  find $back_path -mtime +7 -type f | xargs rm -f
done

如果mysql安装在docker内

db_user="xxx"
db_passwd="xxx"
time=`date --date='0 days ago' "+%Y%m%d"`
backup_dir="/data/mysql-backup/data"

db_name_list='db1 db2 db3 db4'

for db_name in $db_name_list
 do
  back_path=$backup_dir/$db_name
  mkdir -p $back_path
  docker exec -i   mysql  mysqldump $db_name --ignore-table=$db_name.xxx_xxx_xxx >"$back_path/$time.sql"
  find $back_path -mtime +7 -type f | xargs rm -f
done