1 创建项目
django-admin startproject geodjcd geodjpython manage.py startapp world
2 查看测试数据的原始信息
mkdir world/datacd world/datawget http://thematicmapping.org/downloads/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zipunzip TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zipcd ../.. 查看图层详细信息 ogrinfo -so world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3
3 新建模型
from django.contrib.gis.db import modelsclass WorldBorder(models.Model): # Regular Django fields corresponding to the attributes in the # world borders shapefile. name = models.CharField(max_length=50) area = models.IntegerField() pop2005 = models.IntegerField('Population 2005') fips = models.CharField('FIPS Code', max_length=2) iso2 = models.CharField('2 Digit ISO', max_length=2) iso3 = models.CharField('3 Digit ISO', max_length=3) un = models.IntegerField('United Nations Code') region = models.IntegerField('Region Code') subregion = models.IntegerField('Sub-Region Code') lon = models.FloatField() lat = models.FloatField() # GeoDjango-specific: a geometry field (MultiPolygonField), and # overriding the default manager with a GeoManager instance. mpoly = models.MultiPolygonField() objects = models.GeoManager() # Returns the string representation of the model. def str(self): # unicode on Python 2 return self.name
4 psycopg2更新
需要安装psycopg2 2.5.4版本以上，
pip installpsycopg2==2.5.4
5 生成数据表
python manage.py migratepython manage.py migrate
6 利用shell进行测试
python manage.py shell
利用图层的基本信息进行测试import osimport worldworld_shp=os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(world.file),'data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'))from django.contrib.gis.gdal import DataSourceds = DataSource(world_shp)print ds#打印数据的图层数print len(ds)#获取第一层图层lyr = ds[0]print lyr#获取图层几何类型print lyr.geom_type#获取要素数print len(lyr)#获取坐标srs = lyr.srsprint srsprint srs.proj4#获取图层字段信息及字段类型print lyr.fields[fld.name for fld in lyr.field_types]#打印各要素的点信息for feat in lyr: print feat.get('NAME'), feat.geom.num_points#获取具体要素的详细信息 feat = lyr[234]print feat.get('NAME')geom = feat.geomprint geom.wktprint geom.json
7 将图层的数据导入
使用LayerMapping，在world的应用程序中创建一个load.py的文件
import osfrom django.contrib.gis.utils import LayerMappingfrom models import WorldBorderworld_mapping = { 'fips' : 'FIPS', 'iso2' : 'ISO2', 'iso3' : 'ISO3', 'un' : 'UN', 'name' : 'NAME', 'area' : 'AREA', 'pop2005' : 'POP2005', 'region' : 'REGION', 'subregion' : 'SUBREGION', 'lon' : 'LON', 'lat' : 'LAT', 'mpoly' : 'MULTIPOLYGON',}world_shp = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(file), 'data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'))def run(verbose=True): lm = LayerMapping(WorldBorder, world_shp, world_mapping, transform=False, encoding='iso-8859-1') lm.save(strict=True, verbose=verbose)
在shell中运行一下代码：
from world import loadload.run()
也可以直接利用命令行生成模型和数据的映射
python manage.py ogrinspect world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp WorldBorder \ --srid=4326 --mapping --multi
空间查询举例
在包含特定点的WorldBorder表中找到国家/地区。
pnt_wkt = 'POINT(-95.3385 29.7245)' from world.models import WorldBorderqs = WorldBorder.objects.filter(mpoly__contains=pnt_wkt)qs
当查询时，坐标不一致可自动转坐标
from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point, GEOSGeometrypnt = Point(954158.1, 4215137.1, srid=32140)qs = WorldBorder.objects.filter(mpoly__intersects=pnt)qsqs[0].mpoly.geojson
8 把数据放到地图上
在admin.py中绑定WorldBorder模型
from django.contrib.gis import adminfrom models import WorldBorderadmin.site.register(WorldBorder, admin.GeoModelAdmin)
在url中修改路径，加入空间数据管理的url
from django.conf.urls import url, includefrom django.contrib.gis import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),]
创建管理员
python manage.py createsuperuserpython manage.py runserver
如果需要使用openstreetmap的底图进行展现，则可以将
admin.py中的admin.site.register(WorldBorder, admin.GeoModelAdmin)
修改为
admin.site.register(WorldBorder, admin.OSMGeoAdmin)
在http://127.0.0.1:1234/admin/world/worldborder/可以对空间数据进行基本操作。
9 设计restful接口
查询某个点在哪个国家内
[get] api/gis/country/[position]
添加restfulframework模块及查询的接口地址,并且进行设置
url.pyurlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^api/gis/country/(?P<position>[+-]?\d.\d [+-]?\d.\d)$', CountryQuery.as_view()), url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),]
settings.pyINSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'django.contrib.gis', 'world', 'rest_framework',]
将模型序列化
from rest_framework import serializersfrom .models import WorldBorderclass WorldBorderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = WorldBorder fields = ('name',)
返回查询到的国家
-- coding: utf-8 --from future import unicode_literalsfrom django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.from rest_framework.views import APIViewfrom .models import WorldBorderfrom .serializers import WorldBorderSerializerfrom rest_framework.response import Responsefrom rest_framework import permissionsclass CountryQuery(APIView): def getCountryObj(self, position): print position #try: return WorldBorder.objects.filter(mpoly__contains=position)[0] #except: #raise Http404 def get(self, request, position, format=None): position = 'POINT(' + position + ')' country = self.getCountryObj(position) return Response( WorldBorderSerializer(country).data )
用以下url进行测试，http://127.0.0.1:1234/api/gis/country/-95.3385%2029.7245
HTTP 200 OKAllow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONSContent-Type: application/jsonVary: Accept{ "name": "United States"}
