接上: KVC(一)
接下来我们来看看苹果的官方文档
参考:Key-Value Coding、Key-Value Coding(键值编码)
1.关于KVC
1.什么是Key-value coding(键值编码)
通过由 NSKeyValueCoding 这种非正式的协议,可以实现对与遵循该协议的对象,对其属性可以间接的访问。
符合键值的编码对象提供了一个简单的消息传递接口, 该接口与其所有属性都是一致的
在Cocoa内使用场景:key-value observing(KVO)、 Cocoa bindings、Core Data、AppleScript-ability等等
-
2.作用
- Access object properties(访问对象属性)
- Manipulate collection properties(操作集合属性)
- Invoke collection operators on collection objects(在集合对象上调用集合运算符)
- Access non-object properties(访问非对象属性)
- Access properties by key path(按键路径访问属性)
3.对对象采用键值编码:遵循NSKeyValueCoding协议+实现相应的方法
2.下面我们来看看怎么使用
- KVC简单使用
@interface CardModel:NSObject
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSString *cardNumber;
@end
@implementation CardModel
@end
@interface MyPerson:NSObject
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSString *name;
@end
@implementation MyPerson
@end
@interface BankAccount:NSObject
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSNumber *currentBalance;
@property (nonatomic,strong)MyPerson *owner;
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSArray<CardModel* >* cardModels;
@end
@implementation BankAccount
@end
//====================================END=============================================//
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//我们分析一个BankAccount实例对象
//里面有直接属性(Attributes)
//一对一的 包含另外一个对象的属性(To-one relationships)
//一对多的 包含另外一个对象的集合的属性(To-many relationships)(“集合”)
CardModel *card1 = [[CardModel alloc]init];
card1.cardNumber = @"123";
CardModel *card2 = [[CardModel alloc]init];
card2.cardNumber = @"123";
MyPerson *p = [[MyPerson alloc]init];
p.name = @"Jack";
BankAccount *bankAccount = [[BankAccount alloc]init];
bankAccount.currentBalance = @(0);
bankAccount.owner = p;
bankAccount.cardModels = @[card1,card2];
//KVC的使用
[bankAccount setValue:@(100.0) forKey:@"currentBalance"]; //[bankAccount setCurrentBalance:@(100.0)];
NSLog(@"%@",bankAccount.currentBalance);
NSLog(@"%@",[bankAccount valueForKey:@"currentBalance"]);
[bankAccount setValue:@"Lucy" forKeyPath:@"owner.name"];
NSLog(@"%@",bankAccount.owner.name);
NSLog(@"%@",[bankAccount valueForKeyPath:@"owner.name"]);
MyPerson *p2 = [[MyPerson alloc]init];
p2.name = @"Kitty";
NSDictionary *dict =@{
@"owner":p2,
@"currentBalance":@(1000.0)
};
//该方法只能用于一级(比如owner.name不行的哟)
[bankAccount setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
NSLog(@"%@",bankAccount.currentBalance);
NSLog(@"%@",bankAccount.owner.name);
NSLog(@"%@",[bankAccount dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:@[@"owner",@"currentBalance"]]);
}
3.KVC的具体的设值原理(步骤) (具体的代码详见gitHub)
由于我们无法看到里面的源码,我们只能看,官方文档Accessor Search Patterns来猜测它的执行原理
以下代码:未分析集合类(对于集合类下面有具体的写)
#import "ViewController6.h"
@interface MyStudentSuperClass:NSObject
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSString *name1;
@end
@implementation MyStudentSuperClass{
@public
NSString *_name;
NSString *_isName;
NSString *name;
NSString *isName;
}
@end
@interface MyStudentSubClass:MyStudentSuperClass{
// @public
// NSString *_name;
// NSString *_isName;
// NSString *name;
// NSString *isName;
}
@end
@implementation MyStudentSubClass
//是否可以直接访问成员变量
+(BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly{
return YES;
}
//-(void)setName:(NSString *)name{
// NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
//}
//-(void)_setName:(NSString*)_name{
// NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
//}
//-(void)setIsName:(NSString*)isName{
// NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
//}
-(void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
NSLog(@"没找到key:%@哟",key);
}
@end
//==============================================
@interface ViewController6 ()
@end
@implementation ViewController6
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
MyStudentSubClass *superC = [[MyStudentSubClass alloc]init];
//KVC设置值
[superC setValue:@"设置name值" forKey:@"name"];
//setter方法会按照setKey、_setKey、setIsKey的优先级进行调用,还没有
//(是否可以访问成员属性),
//1.可以 则按_key、_isKey、key、isKey查找成员变量 ,找不到 forUndefinedKey
//2.不可以 则:forUndefinedKey
NSLog(@"_name%@",superC->_name);
NSLog(@"_isName%@",superC->_isName);
NSLog(@"name%@",superC->name);
NSLog(@"isName%@",superC->isName);
}
@end
分析:根据上代码打开的顺序,以及不同的组合,我们可以发现
4.KVC的具体的取值原理(步骤)(具体的代码详见gitHub)
#import "ViewController7.h"
@interface ClassOne:NSObject{
@public
NSString *_name;
NSString *_isName;
NSString *name;
NSString *isName;
}
@end
@implementation ClassOne
@end
@interface ClassTwo:ClassOne
//@property (nonatomic,strong)NSString *name;
@end
@implementation ClassTwo
//-(NSString*)getName{
// return @"getName";
//}
//
//- (NSString *)name{
// return @"name";
//}
//-(NSString*)isName{
// return @"isName";
//}
-(id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
return @"UndefinedKey";
}
+(BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly{
return YES;
}
@end
//==================
@interface ViewController7 ()
@end
@implementation ViewController7
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
ClassTwo *two = [[ClassTwo alloc]init];
[two setValue:@"jack" forKey:@"name"];
//KVC取值验证
NSLog(@"%@",[two valueForKey:@"name"]);
NSLog(@"======================");
NSLog(@"_name%@",two->_name);
NSLog(@"_isName%@",two->_isName);
NSLog(@"name%@",two->name);
NSLog(@"isName%@",two->isName);
}
@end
分析:根据上代码打开的顺序,以及不同的组合,我们可以发现
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