1.gigantic adj.巨大的;庞大的
For thousands of years,we human beings have lived under the gigantic shadow of these three questions, philosophical and realistic.
2. evolve v.发展;进化;(使)逐渐形成;逐渐演变
3.eons n.万古，永世，亿万年
4.homo sapiens n.智人
Millions of years ago,we started our life and evolved over eons to our present shape:homo sapiens.
5. innovation n.（新事物、思想或方法的)创造;创新;改革;新思想;新方法
We evolved to fit our environments,acquiring knowledge and wisdom,shaping our lives through discovery, innovation and art.
6.. myriad n.大量;无数;
adj.无数的;多种的，各式各样的;
7.besiege vt.围攻;围困;包围;团团围住;(用大量的信件、提问等)使(某人)应接不暇;
8.famine n.饥荒
9.plague n.瘟疫;死亡率高的传染病;(老鼠或昆虫等肆虐造成的)灾害，祸患
vt.困扰;折磨;给…造成长时间的痛苦(或麻烦);使受煎熬;纠缠;缠磨;缠扰;
At the same time,we have found ourselves besieged by a myriad of challenges and dangers–famine,plague,war,poverty, economic and political crises.
10.severer threats 更严重的威胁
severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;重的;苛刻的
11. threat n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆;征兆;构成威胁的人;形成威胁的事物;
we face even severer threats to our health and livelihood.
12. conflict n.争执;争论;(军事)冲突;战斗;抵触;矛盾;不一致
vi.(两种思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触
13. confrontation n.对抗;对峙;冲突
14.mankind n.人类
15. unprecedented adj.前所未有的
We see conflicts and confrontations shrouding the world in darkness,and increasingly feel that mankind is on the verge of great danger from unprecedented challenges.
16.vergen. n,边缘；（道路旁的）植草路肩，绿地；极限，临界点；山墙突瓦；权杖
He seemed to be on the verge of total derangement.
17.Incessant
（1）不停的，持续不断的
His incessant nagging made me more bored with the work.
（2）无休止
Incessant learning can make remarkable progress in science
.
18.rhythm
（1）节奏，韵律，律动
The rhythm of this dance is very cheerful
（2）规则变化，规律
The survival of the fittest is an immutable rhythm of nature.
19.govern
（1）治理，控制
With his governance, the atmosphere of the whole city is getting better and better.
（2）支配，决定
Under the govern of curiosity, I took apart the newly bought game console.
20.benevolence
（1）仁爱，亲切，厚道，慈善
Benevolence may win people's love more than arrogance.
（2）善行，捐款，捐助
The school encourages students to actively benevolence money and materials for children in poor mountainous areas.
21.vicissitudes
（1）沧桑
His weather beaten face is full of vicissitudes and hardships of life.
（2）变迁
Due to the vicissitudes of environment, some animals became extinct.
22.tranquility
宁静，平静
The tranquility night gives a mysterious feeling
23crucial（adj）:关键的，至关重要的。Moneyiscrucialtoourlife.
24.cherish(v):珍爱，珍惜，抚育，维护，捍卫。Childrenneedtobecherished.
25.vicissitudes（n）:变迁，变化，沧桑。Thecityhasbeenthroughmanyvicissitudes
26.mutual adj. 相互的，彼此的 n. 互助公司，共同的朋友。
we must pull together for mutual interest.
27.prseporitg n. 光旺，繁荣。
Peace brings proseperity.
28.diversitg n. 差异，不同，多样性
29.biologicol diversitg 主物多弹性
30.subtitle
（1）字幕
When you go to see an English movie, try not to read the Chinese subtitles.
（2）副标题，小标题
To make your essay more layered, you can add subtitles.
31.elaborates
（1）详细阐述，认真做，用心做
This book elaborates the complete steps of shaping a building.
（2）精巧的，精细的，详尽的
I was overwhelmed with these elaborates exhibits.
32.fulfill
（1）做完（工作），达到（目的），满足（希望）
None of these difficulties could shake his fulfill to achieve his goal.
（2）履行，实现，完成
Fulfilling one's promise is a fine virtue.
33.mission
（1）使命，代表团，天职
We often send missions abroad for visits.
（2）艰苦的长途旅行
It was a long and arduous mission, but we all learned something new from it.
