Shapefile file extensions
shp—The main file that stores the feature geometry. Required.
.shx—The index file that stores the index of the feature geometry. Required.
.dbf—The dBASE table that stores the attribute information of features. Required.
There is a one-to-one relationship between geometry and attributes, which is based on record number. Attribute records in the dBASE file must be in the same order as records in the main file.
.sbn and .sbx—The files that store the spatial index of the features.
.fbn and .fbx—The files that store the spatial index of the features for shapefiles that are read-only.
.ain and .aih—The files that store the attribute index of the active fields in a table or a theme‘s attribute table.
.atx—An .atx file is created for each shapefile or dBASE attribute index created in ArcCatalog. ArcView GIS 3.x attribute indexes for shapefiles and dBASE files are not used by ArcGIS. A new attribute indexing model has been developed for shapefiles and dBASE files.
.ixs—Geocoding index for read-write shapefiles.
.mxs—Geocoding index for read-write shapefiles (ODB format).
.prj—The file that stores the coordinate system information. Used by ArcGIS.
.xml—Metadata for ArcGIS—stores information about the shapefile.
中文解释:
shapefile文件属于矢量数据中无拓扑关系的数据类型。
它至少包含3个文件,dbf、shp、shx 。
其中:dbf文件时存储矢量数据的属性信息的;
shp是存储矢量数据的空间信息的。
shx是保留要素几何学特征的索引文件。
另外,shapefile文件还可以包括其它文件,如sbn 、sbx 、prj等。
sbn 、sbx 也是空间索引文件,.prj属于数据的投影文件。
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当中.shp、.shx、.dbf三个是万万不能删除的,删除掉一个就出错了。
shp没了一切全都没了,正所谓的皮之不存,毛将焉附。
删掉shx虽然打不开文件,但有工具能修复。
删掉.dbf文件也能修复,可属性是找不回来了。
删掉.prj文件会导致投影信息丢失。
.sbn 、.sbx 文件删掉后将丢失所建的索引,但不影响大局。
数据组织:
数据组织就是按照一定的方式和规则对数据进行归并、存储、处理的过程。数据组织的好坏,直接影响到GIS系统的性能。
ARCGIS中主要有shapefile、Coverage和Geodatabase三种数据组织方式。
shapefile:由存储空间数据的shape文件(.shp)、存储属性数据的dBase表(.dbf)和存储空间数据与属性数据关系的.SHX文件组成;
Coveage的空间数据存储在二进制文件中,属性数据和拓扑数据存储在INFO表中,目录合并了二进制文件和INFO表,成为Coveage要素类;
Geodataase是AcGIS数据模型发展的第三代产物,它是面向对象的数据模型,能够表示要素的自然行为和要素之间的关系。