1.overriding
adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
In a particular situation, the overriding factor is the one that is the most important.
My overriding concern is to raise the standards of state education.
Given the overriding need to cut the budget deficit, the administration will ask congress for only $15 million this summer.
Synonyms: major, chief, main, prime
2.take on
1. phrasal verb
If you take on a job or responsibility, especially a difficult one, you accept it.
No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle. [VERB PREPOSITION noun (not pronoun)]
[Also VERB noun PREPOSITION]
Synonyms: accept, tackle, undertake, shoulder
2. phrasal verb [no passive]
If something takes on a new appearance or quality, it develops that appearance or quality.
Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took on a feverish intensity. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
[Also VERB noun PREPOSITION]
Synonyms: acquire, assume, come to have
3. phrasal verb
If a vehicle such as a bus or ship takes on passengers, goods, or fuel, it stops in order to allow them to get on or to be loaded on.
This is a brief stop to take on passengers and water. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
[Also VERB noun PREPOSITION]
4. phrasal verb
If you take someone on, you employ them to do a job.
He's spoken to a publishing firm. They're going to take him on. [VERB noun PREPOSITION]
The party has been taking on staff, including temporary organisers. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
Synonyms: engage, employ, hire, retain
5. phrasal verb [no passive]
If you take someone on, you fight them or compete against them, especially when they are bigger or more powerful than you are.
Democrats were reluctant to take on a president whose popularity ratings were historically high. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
I knew I couldn't take him on. [VERB noun PREPOSITION]
Synonyms: compete against, face, contend with, fight
6. phrasal verb [no passive]
If you take something on or upon yourself, you decide to do it without asking anyone for permission or approval.
Knox had taken it on himself to choose the wine. [V n P pron-refl]
He took upon himself the responsibility for protecting her. [V P pron-refl]
The President absolved his officers and took the blame upon himself. [V n P pron-refl]
敢于啃“硬骨头”
be prepared to take on some really tough problems
3.供给侧架构性改革
supply-side structural reform
4.energize
verb
To energize someone means to give them the enthusiasm and determination to do something.
He helped energize and mobilize millions of people around the nation. [VERB noun]
I am completely energized and feeling terrific. [be VERB-ed]
5.press ahead 勇往直前
phrasal verb
If you press on or press ahead, you continue with a task or activity in a determined way, and do not allow any problems or difficulties to delay you.
Organizers of the strike are determined to press on. [VERB PREPOSITION]
He was persuaded by his advisers to press ahead. [VERB PREPOSITION]
Poland pressed on with economic reform. [VERB PREPOSITION + with]
Synonyms: continue, proceed, carry on, keep going
6.formidable
adjective
If you describe something or someone as formidable, you mean that you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive.
We have a formidable task ahead of us.
Marsalis has a formidable reputation in both jazz and classical music.
She looked every bit as formidable as her mother.
Synonyms: difficult, taxing, challenging, overwhelming
7.efficacy
If you talk about the efficacy of something, you are talking about its effectiveness and its ability to do what it is supposed to.
[formal]
Recent medical studies confirm the efficacy of a healthier lifestyle.
Synonyms: effectiveness, efficiency, power, value
8.aggregate
1. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun]
An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.
The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand.
England have beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12.
Synonyms: collective, added, mixed, combined
Aggregate is also a noun.
The highest aggregate came in the third round where Leeds and Middlesbrough drew 4-4.
2. countable noun
An aggregate is a number of people or things that are being considered as a single thing.
[formal]
...society viewed as an aggregate of individuals. [+ of]
Synonyms: total, body, whole, amount
3. verb
If amounts or things are aggregated, they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing.
[formal]
Different economies, with different currencies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies. [be V-ed into n]
We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system. [V pl-n]
[Also V pl-n into n]
Synonyms: combine, mix, collect, assemble
aggregation (ægrɪgeɪʃən ) uncountable noun [usually NOUN of noun]
A bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion.
Synonyms: collection, body, mass, combination
9.reinforce
1. verb
If something reinforces a feeling, situation, or process, it makes it stronger or more intense.
A stronger European Parliament would, they fear, only reinforce the power of the larger countries. [VERB noun]
This sense of privilege tends to be reinforced by the outside world. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: consolidate, support, increase, further
2. verb
If something reinforces an idea or point of view, it provides more evidence or support for it.
The delegation hopes to reinforce the idea that human rights are not purely internal matters. [VERB noun]
3. verb
To reinforce an object means to make it stronger or harder.
Eventually, they had to reinforce the walls with exterior beams. [VERB noun + with]
Synonyms: support, strengthen, fortify, toughen
reinforced adjective
Its windows were of reinforced glass.
4. verb
To reinforce an army or a police force means to make it stronger by increasing its size or providing it with more weapons. To reinforce a position or place means to make it stronger by sending more soldiers or weapons.
Both sides have been reinforcing their positions after yesterday's fierce fighting. [VERB noun]
Troops and police have been reinforced in the southern Pakistan city of Hyderabad. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: increase, extend, add to, strengthen
10.tap
1. countable noun
A tap is a device that controls the flow of a liquid or gas from a pipe or container, for example on a sink.
[mainly British]
She turned on the taps.
...a cold-water tap.
The honey runs out of a tap at the bottom of the drum.
REGIONAL NOTE:
in AM, use faucet
Synonyms: valve, spout, faucet [US , Canadian] , spigot
2. verb
If you tap something, you hit it with a quick light blow or a series of quick light blows.
He tapped the table to still the shouts of protest. [VERB noun]
Tap the eggs gently with a teaspoon to crack the shells. [VERB noun]
Grace tapped on the bedroom door and went in. [VERB adverb/preposition]
There was a comfortable-looking clerk on duty, tapping away on a manual typewriter. [VERB adverb/preposition]
To hold the carpet in place, it's a good idea to tap in a few nails temporarily. [VERB adverb/preposition]
Synonyms: knock, strike, pat, rap
Tap is also a noun.
A tap on the door interrupted him and Sally Pierce came in. [+ on/at]
3. verb
If you tap your fingers or feet, you make a regular pattern of sound by hitting a surface lightly and repeatedly with them, especially while you are listening to music.
The song's so catchy it makes you bounce round the living room or tap your feet. [VERB noun]
4. verb
If you tap a resource or situation, you make use of it by getting from it something that you need or want.
He owes his election to having tapped deep public disillusion with professional politicians. [VERB noun]
The company is tapping shareholders for £15.8 million. [VERB noun + for]
The Campbell Soup Company says it will try to tap into Japan's rice market. [VERB + into]
5. verb
If someone taps your telephone, they attach a special device to the line so that they can secretly listen to your conversations.
The government passed laws allowing the police to tap telephones. [VERB noun]
We suspected the telephone line was tapped. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: listen in on, monitor, bug [informal] , spy on
Tap is also a noun.
He assured MPs that ministers and MPs were not subjected to phone taps.
11.industry 产业
12.dedicated
1. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
You use dedicated to describe someone who enjoys a particular activity very much and spends a lot of time doing it.
Her great-grandfather had clearly been a dedicated and stoical traveller.
...dedicated followers of classical music.
2. adjective
You use dedicated to describe something that is made, built, or designed for one particular purpose or thing.
Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.
...the world's first museum dedicated to ecology. [+ to]
...a microcomputer dedicated to playing chess.
13.holistic
ADJ 整体论的;整体主义的 Holistic means based on the principles of holism.（Holism is the belief that everything in nature is connected in some way.）
14.defuse
1. verb
If you defuse a dangerous or tense situation, you calm it.
The organization helped defuse potentially violent situations. [VERB noun]
Officials will hold four days of talks aimed at defusing tensions over trade. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: calm, settle, cool, contain
2. verb
If someone defuses a bomb, they remove the fuse so that it cannot explode.
Police have defused a bomb found in a building in London. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: deactivate, disable, disarm, make safe
15.liquidation
a.the process of terminating the affairs of a business firm, etc, by realizing its assets to discharge its liabilities（负债）
b.the state of a business firm, etc, having its affairs so terminated (esp in the phrase to go into liquidation)
2.destruction; elimination
16.saddle
1. countable noun
A saddle is a leather seat that you put on the back of an animal so that you can ride the animal.
2. See also side-saddle
3. verb
If you saddle a horse, you put a saddle on it so that you can ride it.
Why don't we saddle a couple of horses and go for a ride? [VERB noun]
Saddle up means the same as saddle.
I want to be gone from here as soon as we can saddle up. [VERB PREPOSITION]
She saddled up a horse. [VERB PREPOSITION noun]
4. countable noun
A saddle is a seat on a bicycle or motorcycle.
5. countable noun [usually NOUN of noun]
A saddle of lamb, rabbit, or venison is a piece of meat taken from the middle of the animal's back.
6. verb
If you saddle someone with a problem or with a responsibility, you put them in a position where they have to deal with it.
The war devastated the economy and saddled the country with a huge foreign debt. [VERB noun + with]
Synonyms: burden, load, lumber [British , informal] , charge
17.stringent
(strɪndʒənt )
adjective
Stringent laws, rules, or conditions are very severe or are strictly controlled.
[formal]
He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons.
Its drug-testing procedures are the most stringent in the world.
Synonyms: strict, tough, rigorous, demanding
stringently adverb [ADVERB with verb]
He is determined to see the Act enforced more stringently.
18、intermediary 中介
An intermediary is a person who passes messages or proposals between two people or groups.
She wanted him to act as an intermediary in the dispute with Moscow.
Synonyms: mediator, agent, middleman, broker
19.housing
1. uncountable noun
You refer to the buildings in which people live as housing when you are talking about their standard, price, or availability.
...a shortage of affordable housing.
Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.
Synonyms: accommodation, homes, houses, dwellings
2. uncountable noun
Housing is the job of providing houses for people to live in.
...graduate courses in housing and public administration.
If you are a council tenant call the housing department about it.
3. countable noun
A housing is a case or covering which protects parts of a machine.
Both housings are waterproof to a depth of two metres.
Synonyms: case, casing, covering, cover
