「你跟人们说话,人们并不想了解你了解的东西,也不想听你谈你刚刚...你领悟到你是无法真正向他们诉说的—既无法诉说“彼处”是怎样一副可怕的情状,也无法诉说你回到这里的感觉有多糟糕。
世界就此被永远地分隔成了“彼处”和“此处”」—Where the stress falls
才知道Sontag是个双性恋。。。
贡布罗维奇的《费迪杜克》:
《日记》
星期一
我。
星期二
我。
星期三
我。
星期四
我。
从“我...我...我...我”的声音之中,人们可以听到这位孤独的流亡者在嘲弄“我们...我们...我们...我们”
去网上找了Witold Gombrowicz的Diary:
"Monday
Me.
Tuesday
Me.
Wednesday
Me.
Thursday
Me."
Yesterday (Thursday) a cretin began to bother and worry me all day. Perhaps it would be better not to write about this … but I do not want to be a hypocrite in this diary. It began when I first went to Acasusso to Mr. Alberto H.’s (an industrialist and engineer) for breakfast. At first glance, his villa seemed too Renaissance, but not betraying this impression, I sat down at the table (also Renaissance) and began to eat dishes whose Renaissance in the course of eating became more and more obvious at which time the conversation, too, settled on the Renaissance until finally and completely openly and even passionately one began to adore Greece, Rome, naked beauty, the call of the flesh, evoe, Pathos and Ethos and even some column or other on Crete. When it got to Crete, the cretin crawled out, crawled out and crept up but not in Renaissance manner but quite neoclassically cretinously (I know that I should not write about this, this sounds rather odd).
At four I left, extremely tired, and there were trees, leaves, houses—mixed, perhaps somewhat too tidy, and, I would say, not much to the point. Never mind. Leaving the subway, I was on my way to the Café Rex when out of the Café Paris (nor do I know why one café got mixed up with the other) some of my lady friends, who were supposed to be sitting at a table and eating ladyfingers and dipping them in cream, began to beckon to me. The mystification appeared right away because, actually, they were sitting at an enamel tabletop set on four bent prongs, and the eating consisted of sticking this or that thing through the opening in the face during which the ears and noses stuck out and the heels, too, stuck out from under the table, that is, out from under the tabletop. Yak, yak, about this and that but I see that this or that sticks out and protrudes from this or that woman, therefore, I finally excuse myself and leave, pleading lack of time.
Sociologically.
I do not really know if I should continue these confessions. The publicist’s duty compels me to inform the public that rather too cretinous things are happening … too cretinous to be revealed and, I believe, on this all speculation relies—that an excess of cretinism does not allow these things to be revealed, that this is already too stupid to be expressed. Leaving the Café Paris, I went to the Café Rex. There an unknown gentleman who approached me and, having introduced himself as Zamszycki (maybe I heard this wrong), said that he had wanted to make my acquaintance for a long time. I said that it was my pleasure and then he thanked me, bowed, and left. Furious, I wanted to call him a cretin when, at that moment, I noticed that he was not a cretin because, after all, he had wanted to meet me and did, therefore, it was right that he should leave. Then I started to think: cretin or not? In the meantime, first one streetlight went on, then another, and when the second went on, a third lit up, then a fourth and with the fourth a fifth. Hardly had the fifth lit up when the sixth and the seventh go on, eighth, ninth, yet, at the same time, one, two, five cars go by; one, two, ten trams; people are coming, one, two, ten, fifteen; before me, one, two, three houses; the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh story and on the seventh, a balcony and on the balcony, who? Who but Henry and his wife! Beckoning to me.
I beckon. Yet I see, though not too clearly, that they are saying something and beckoning to me at the same time. Cars, trams, people, movement, crowds, neons are going on, glare from all over, a honking, ringing, and they there on the seventh story are talking. And again they beckon. I nod. I see: she beckons, he beckons. So I do, too. Then I look (really, I don’t know how to articulate this, this is already a bit brash, however, I am not allowed to conceal anything) and he beckoned into himself, like into a bottle. I beckon. Then she (but no, no, I cannot make a cretin of myself; yet if I am to reveal the Cretin, I have to make a cretin of myself ) then she beckoned out of him until he and she beckoned (but WHAT did she beckon to) after which both lightly beckoned themselves out there and alone and poof …(Ha! This I cannot say, it is beyond my powers!)
回到重点所在,Sontag这样评价娱乐文化来源:
“对文学及其他“高雅”文化形式的怀疑,把它们视为精英文化或反生活的东西,这正是受娱乐价值支配的新兴文化出现的根源。”确实,很多人们不再喜欢文学,而更多地是去谈论娱乐,被娱乐文化所支配,“成熟、教养、智慧等已稳步让步于人们所推崇的永远年轻”那些“号称喜欢’劣等事物’的人会说,那东西本来就不低劣;相反,是高级的。”当初被贡布罗维奇认为成年人总是号称自己已经成熟的假定也已不复存在,因为现在人们不再掩饰自己的不成熟,他们说这是“年轻”——他们所推崇的引以为豪的资本,有什么好掩饰的?人们的观念已经改变,“人们不可能用真、善、美之类的词来掩饰令人难堪的力不从心。”因为我们现在已经很少使用成熟的语言了,想想那些网络用语吧!所以贡布罗维奇的这一观点“在与他人的交往中,我们希望自己有教养、胜人一筹、成熟稳重,于是我们使用成熟的语言,而且谈一些真、善、美之类的话题。但事实上,私底下我们只感觉力不胜任、尚未成熟…”已经过时了,现在很多人于此恰恰相反,谈一些轻率的语言,并且认为这是年轻。“在不自我夸耀时,他就变得很可怜;在不装疯卖傻时,他就显得脆弱而自怜。”
将费迪杜克与Alice in Wanderland相比较,在Lewis Carroll的Alice in Wanderland里,一个孩子掉进了一个无性的地底世界,那里的人们自有一套稀奇古怪而又冷酷无情的逻辑。在《费迪杜克》中,那个变回小学生的成人发现自己可以重新像孩子那样自由自在地惹事生非、坦白自己难以启齿的欲望。“正常就是在异常的深渊上走钢丝。”
“作品被改造成文化,在空中翱翔,而我还呆在地面上”
最后让我们高呼,“《费迪杜克》对于企图把欲望正常化的所有尝试的绝妙讽刺万岁…伟大文学作品的深远影响万岁。”
《可见之光》词汇表
极简主义:
与近二十年间出现的其他一些用于视觉艺术市场化的笨拙标签(视幻艺术)不同,这一语言的口香糖最初用于一些画家和雕塑家(索尔·莱威特、罗伯特·莫里斯..),后来推广至建筑师、舞蹈家、作曲家,甚至服装设计师——似是而非地将彼此迥异的艺术家囫囵在一起,这是乱用标签者惯常的行为。麦布里奇、蒙德里安、斯泰因、小律都是追求缠绵重复性和强烈形式感的好手,其前途无可限量,他们都没有沾上这个标签。这个标签无可避免地被“后极简主义”接替了。
诗人的散文:
在现实中,文学共和国是贵族,而“诗人”向来是一种“高贵身份”。但是在浪漫主义时代,诗人的高贵与优越性已不再被划上等号,反而使获得了一个敌对角色:作为自由之化身的诗人。
二十世纪惟一被普遍认为既是伟大散文家又是伟大诗人的例子——托马斯·哈代,是一个为了写诗而放弃写小说的人。
茨维塔耶娃的散文中具有一种跟她的诗歌中同样的情感高扬的特质,就像她指出的:“没有人两次踏入同一条河。但有人两次踏入同一本书吗?”
重点所在:
除了语言,那永远能找到的语言以外,没有什么新鲜的东西。用滚烫的选择过的语言、神经质的标点符号、反复无常的句子节奏烧灼人际关系中的烦恼。创造更加含蓄微妙的、更多狼吞虎咽的了解、同情和阻止人受伤害的方法。这是个形容词的问题。这就是重点所在。
死后立传:
布拉兹.库巴斯快乐地宣称:“我是一名死去的作家,意思不是说本人曾经写过作品而现在已经死去,而是说本人已经死去但现在从事写作。”
论被翻译:
翻译是关于差异性。…本质上翻译是最大的差异:活着与死去之间的差异。在词源学的意义上,翻译是转换、消除、移位。为了什么?为了被拯救,免于死亡或灭绝。
在英语中,这个动词最古老的意义,与语言—一种精神活动及其文本记录—完全没有关系。翻译主要是一个不及物动词,又是一种实质性的行动。意指环境或地点改变—就环境和地点而言,通常是暗含彼此。“翻”是实质性的“越”,表示一种行动的地理学,表示在空间中的行动。在个方程式大致是:曾是X的地方,如今没有了;如今是(或者在)Y
考虑下列这些现已废弃的意义:
在医学生,翻译的意思一度是把一种疾病从一个人转移到另一个人,或从身体的一部分转移到另一部分(相当于现代的癌细胞转移概念)。在法律上,它的意思是转移财产(例如遗产)。用托马斯.霍布斯的话说:“所有的契约都是权利的互相翻译或改变”
如今我们只保留了翻译作为从一种语言转移或移交或传递到另一种语言这个意思。然而,在表达带有tran-和trans-的文字(连接-dere和-ducere)中,上述古老的意义仍基本保留着。词源学中丰富的近似性表达了一种真正的、如果不是潜意识的联系。
《堂吉诃德》:
他"就这样把自己埋在书堆之中,夜以继日地阅读,从黄昏读到黎明,又从清晨读到夜幕降临;由于睡眠不足和阅读过量,他的神经出来毛病,变得疯疯癫癫的。"(这应该就是人们常说的书呆子,不过书呆子也挺可爱的呀-_^)
跟《包法利夫人》一样,《堂吉诃德》是一部关于阅读的悲剧。
第一部也是最伟大的一部关于嗜读症的作品。
不过福楼拜的小说是一部现实主义作品:艾玛的想象力被她阅读的那些庸俗言情故事所腐蚀。
Sontag提到一位作家首先是读者——一位狂暴的读者。
智慧工程:
诗歌代表文学中最严肃、最能启迪心智、最富有激情和最令人渴慕的一个方面。
亲身经历一首诗:使情操得到提升;心智变得深沉;灵魂得到片刻救赎。
孤独能腐蚀团结;团结能使孤独变质。
照片不是一种观点,抑或是一种观点?
传统上,男性被看做,至少是潜意识地被看作自身命运的创造者和主宰,而女性则是男性情感和幻想的对象;一个男性被看作是人类的一员,而一个女性被看作女性的一员。
我做这一切,我忍受这一切,我需要这一切...因为我是一个女人。
女性是什么?能干什么?应该想要成为什么?弗洛伊德曾经问过一个著名的问题“上帝啊,女人到底需要什么?”如果在一个世界,“上帝啊,男人到底需要什么?”这一问题很正常的话,那将是一个怎样的世界?
没有一个国家的女性在男性之前享有选举权。从没有人认为男性是第二性。
法国和意大利的妇女直到1945年和1946年才分别获得选举权。
男人过分注意自己的外貌被视为缺点,但女性如果不够注重自身形象的话简直就是道德上的过失。
对女性的描绘着力表现她们的美貌,而对男性的描绘则着力表现他们的“个性”。美貌(女性的本分)意味着温柔,而“个性”(男性的本分)意味着粗狂。女性应该是顺从的、温和的。男性应该是有力的、观察明锐的。男性不会愁眉苦脸,理想中的女性看上去并不咄咄逼人。
美是有不同类型的:傲慢的美,性感的美,安安静静地待在家中而流露出的美——顺从、乖巧、文静。
《白衣女人》中年轻的主人公用如下方式描写这位女人:
我抬起头,向离我最远的那扇窗望去。看见那儿站着一个女人,她背对着我。眼光碰到她的那一刹那,我被她罕见的秀美身材和毫不做作的姿态感到震撼。她身材修长,恰到好处;她长得标致,发育良好,但一点也不胖;她的头部恰如其分地竖在肩上,柔顺而又稳固;她的腰看上去太合适了,在男人看来实在令人销魂,它非常自然,轮廓分明,让人感到高兴的是看不到被束腰勒过的痕迹。她没听见我进屋的声音,所以我尽情地欣赏她。一会儿过后我挪了挪屋里的椅子,想用这种最自然的方式引起她的注意。她很快转过身来,从房间的远端向我走来。她举手投足间的优雅让我想立刻看清她的脸。她开了那扇窗——我自言自语:这女人有几分神秘。她又向前你挪了几步——我自言自语:这女人真年轻。她又向我走了几步——我自言自语(这时我的惊讶难以言表):这女人这么丑!
作为阅读的写作:
在书中失去自己。Woolf曾在一封信中说了句名言:“有时我想,天堂就是持续不断、毫无倦意的阅读。”确实,天堂般的感觉——用Woolf的话说——“存在于那种完全消除自我的阅读状态中。”很不幸,我们不会真的丧失自我,就像我们不能踩自己的脚。但是那种脱离驱壳的销魂——阅读,却很像昏睡状态,足以使我们感到没有自我。