交通类

Adding roads does nothing to relieve traffic congestion that if governments build roads, they will fill up, and that providing public transportation as an option does not help reduce traffic. One thing that does help, however, is congestion pricing.

增建道路对减轻交通拥堵不起作用，如果政府新建道路，这些道路很快会填满车，同时给公众提供公共交通作为选择也不会有助于减轻交通问题。有一个方法会有帮助就是拥堵税。

To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in congested downtown area, making people pay to drive during rush. In London, for instance, people have to pay an additional charge to drive in certain areas.

为缓解高峰时期市中心拥堵区域的交通拥堵，可以让在高峰期开车的人付费。例如在伦敦，司机不得不支付额外的费用才能开到特定的区域。

In order to reduce traffic people should change working and driving habits. To be more specific, telecommuting and video conferences save people from incurring fuel expenses associated with driving to and from work and removes employees from office distractions and allows them to concentrate on their duties, which enhances their productivity.

为了减少交通拥堵，人们应该改变工作和开车习惯。具体地说，远程工作和视频会议可以节省人们开车上下班的燃料费，同时消除员工在办公室时的烦心事，允许他们专注于自己的责任，这会大大提升他们的工作效率。

One of the main reasons why there is more traffic congestion is due to more cars on the road. The adult population is increasing and therefore more people want their own personal transport to get around with.

交通拥堵的主要原因之一是由于更多的车在路上。成年人口不断上升，更多的人想拥有个人交通工具去到处走走。

Employers can also play a part in dealing with congestion. Congestion almost always happens when people are travelling to and from work. Traffic congestion has eased in recent years as a result of growing unemployment and the introduction of more flexible work hour.

雇主也可以在解决拥堵方面起作用。交通拥堵大多发生在人们上下班的时候。近些年拥堵问题有了些缓解因为升高的失业率和更灵活的工作时间的引入。

Congestion is mainly caused by a desire for people to drive their cars coupled with a failure by local government to act. If they invested in more affordable public transport options and a better infrastructure the incidence of congestion would decrease in major cities.

犯罪类

Penal systems are widely used to punish those who commit crimes around the world, but some people believe that advanced education programs are also considered vital to prevent criminal acts.

刑罚制度在世界范围内被广泛地用来惩罚犯罪分子，但是很多人相信先进的教育体系可以预防犯罪行为。

Education is an effective way to shape an individual’s character and enable people to master living skills; as a result, they are unlikely to be criminals. To be more precise, educators guide their students into what kinds of behaviors are legal, and persuade them to follow moral models.

教育是塑造一个人的个性的有效的方式，同时可以使人掌握生存技能。因此，受到良好教育的人不太可能成犯罪分子，更具体地说，老师会引导学生什么样的行为是合法的，并督促他们向道德模范学习。

Well-educated people are expected to behave well and have high ethical standards when they serve the society. In comparison, people who did not receive adequate schooling are pushed into resorting to crime because they simply cannot find a job.

受过良好教育的人，在他们服务社会时，被期待表现更好同时有更高的道德标准。相比之下，那些没有受到充分学校教育的人因为找不到工作更容易被迫使走向犯罪道路。

In some cases, if a crime is committed by a re-offender or if criminals pose a threat to the society, they should be put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens as well as frighten potential criminals. Moreover, one aim of prisons is rehabilitation, and some transition managements, like treatment facilities, psychotherapy and medical care, can be applied to help offenders in prisons.

在某些情况下，如果罪行由累犯所犯，或者如果犯人威胁到社会安全，那么他们就应该被投入监狱以确保其他公民的安全，并震慑潜在的犯罪分子。此外，监禁的目的之一是改造罪犯，监狱中的一些过渡管理办法，例如医疗设施，心理治疗，医疗保健等可以用来帮助罪犯。

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