前言
考研阅读理解有4个Text，建议1小时内完成，即每个Text使用15分钟，有的同学一拿到卷子就开始阅读全文，再读题干，然后在文章中找正确选项，这样的同学大有人在，往往一个Text就花了半个小时，最后正确率也不高，很打击信心。因为时间有限，我们必须在最短的时间内找出正确答案（又快又准），这就要求我们了解考研出题的特点，提高做题的效率。带着问题去阅读往往事半功倍。开始做之前先把段落标号，便于定位。
出题特点
特点1.题目顺序与行文顺序一致：即第1道题对应文中的第1段或前两段，以此类推。
特点2.题干和选项使用大量的“同义替换”，正确答案往往是“关键句”的同义改写。
重点：做题步骤
1.读题干（阅读第题干，理解题干含义，划出两个“关键词”。简单说就是要把题干在心里翻译一遍，不能读一遍不知道讲的什么，两个关键词用于段落定位和句子定位）
2.定位（首先是段落定位，可以根据特点1定位到某一段，一般情况下一道题对应一个段落；然后根据“关键词”定位到该段落的某一句（关键句）。一般情况下每个选项对应一句话，正确选项对应“关键句”）
3.识别同义替换（定位到“关键句”之后，识别哪个选项是“关键句”的同义替换）
2018年考研英语一Text1
1.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
2.Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
21.Who will be most threatened by automation?
[A] Leading politicians.
[B]Low-wage laborers.
[C]Robot owners.
[D]Middle-class workers.
正确答案：D
读题干：下列哪个最容易受到自动化的威胁？
定位：定位段落，因为是第1题，定位到前两段；定位句子，关键词threatened 和automation，定位到句子But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will.前面说到低收入的工作对机器人来说没有吸引力，但是中产阶级的工作如trucking, financial advice, software engineering，引起了机器人的兴趣（have aroused their interest）
同义替换：have aroused their interest对应threatened，D选项的Middle-class workers对应关键句中的middle-class occupations
3.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled
[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided
正确答案：C
1.读题干：下列哪个最能代表作者的观点？
2.定位：定位段落，因为是第2题，前两段已经被第1题使用，所以这一道题从第3段中找答案；定位句子，But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
3.同义替换：选项C中的need to be tackled 同义替换成need a lot of help adjusting
4.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
[A] creative potential.
[B]job-hunting skills.
[C]individual needs.
[D]cooperative spirit.
正确答案：A
1.读题干：自动化时代的教育应该更加强调什么？
2.定位：定位段落，前两道题把前3段使用过了，所以这一题定位到第4段，定位句子，Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Education（教育）对应关键句中的Curriculums（课程），emphasis on对应关键句中的focus less on …and more on…
3.同义替换：关键句说课程应减少记忆上的东西，多一些创造性力和复杂的交流，所以more on后面的内容即为正确答案，A选项creative potential 为creativity and complex communication的同义替换
5.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
6.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
[A] encouraging the development of automation.
[B]increasing the return on capital investment.
[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.
[D]preventing the income gap from widening.
正确答案：D
1.读题干：作者建议的拿些税收政策的目标是什么？
2.定位：段落定位：读完第5段发现没有题干中的信息，只有第6段有关键词tax policies；句子定位：Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.（因为自动化加大了贫富差距，所以税收政策需要重新考虑。）
3.同义替换：D选项preventing the income gap from widening（防止收入差距进一步加大）就是关键句的改写。
7.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
25.In this text, the author presents a problem with
[A] opposing views on it.
[B]possible solutions to it.
[C]its alarming impacts.
[D]its major variations.
正确答案：B
读题干：这篇文章，作者是如何表述这个问题的？
这种属于概括题，需要概括文章的行文结构，作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展，接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法(第4段The fisrs step，第6段Finally)，最后一段表明作者观点。所以应该选B 选项possible solutions to it(可能的解决办法)。
所以作者通过“可能的解决办法”来表述问题的，选B
