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if-else
- if后面的条件可以省略小括号
- 条件后面的大括号不可以省略
下面的代码是可以的
let score = 70
if score >= 80 {
print("优秀")
}else if score >= 60{
print("及格")
}else{
print("不及格")
}
- if后面的条件只能是bool类型
例如下面是不可以的
if score {
print("aa")
}
while
先看如下代码
var num = 5
while num > 0 {
print("num is \(num)")
num -= 1
}// 会打印五次
var num2 = 5
repeat {
print("num is \(num)")
}while num > 0// 会打印五次
- repeat-while 相当于C语言中的 do-while
- 上面代码中没有用num--，是因为从Swift3开始，去掉了自增(++)、自减(--)运算符
for
闭区间运算符: a...b，代表着: a <= 取值 <= b
例如
let persons = ["zhangsan","lisi","wanger","mazi"]
for i in 0...3 {
print(persons[i])
}
//结果为
//zhangsan
//lisi
//wanger
//mazi
- 我们也可以用range来表示区间，例如
let persons = ["zhangsan","lisi","wanger","mazi"]
let range = 0...3
for i in range {
print(persons[i])
}
//结果为
//zhangsan
//lisi
//wanger
//mazi
- 我们也可以用变量来表示区间，例如
let persons = ["zhangsan","lisi","wanger","mazi"]
let before = 0
var end = 3
for i in before...end {
print(persons[i])
}
//结果为
//zhangsan
//lisi
//wanger
//mazi
- 我们也可以用变量和数值共同使用来表示区间，例如
let persons = ["zhangsan","lisi","wanger","mazi"]
for i in before...3 {
print(persons[i])
}
//结果为
//zhangsan
//lisi
//wanger
//mazi
半开区间运算符：a..<b 表示 a <= 取值 < b
例如
let persons = ["zhangsan","lisi","wanger","mazi"]
for i in 1..<3 {
print(persons[i])
}
//结果为
//lisi
//wanger
- 区间运算符用在数组上
例如
let nums = [1,2,3,4]
for num in nums[0...3] {
print(num)
}
//结果为
//1
//2
//3
//4
- 单侧区间
let nums = [1,2,3,4]
for num in nums[0...] {
print(num)
}
//结果为
//1
//2
//3
//4
或者
let nums = [1,2,3,4]
for num in nums[..<4] {
print(num)
}
//结果为
//1
//2
//3
//4
区间类型
如下三种
- let range1: ClosedRange<Int> = 1...3
- let range2: Range<Int> = 1..<3
- let range3: PartialRangeThrough<Int> = ...5
字符、煮饭吃也可以使用区间运算符，但默认不能使用在for-in中
例如
这样写是可以的
let strRange = "a"..."f"
strRange.contains("d") // true
strRange.contains("l") // false
但是下面是会报错的
for i in strRange {
print(i)
}
- \0 到 "~" 包括了所有的要用到的ASCII字符
例如我们要判断一个字符是否是ASCII字符
let characterRange: ClosedRange<Character> = "\0"..."~"
//想判断s是否是ASCII字符可以
characterRange.contains("s") //返回true
带间隔的区间值
用到了 stride
看代码
let all = 100
let interval = 20
// res的取值为从 10 开始 每次间隔 20，直到100结束，
for res in stride(from: 10, to: all, by: interval) {
print(res)
}// 结果为
//10
//30
//50
//70
//90
switch
- case、default 后面不能写大括号{}
- 默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿到后面的条件
例如
var res = 1
switch res {
case 0:
print("res = 0")
case 1:
print("res = 1")
case 2:
print("res = 2")
default:
print("other res")
}
// 输出为 res = 1
关键字 fallthrough
如果我们想让其贯穿下去，就是用 fallthrough 这个关键字
例如
var res = 1
switch res {
case 0:
print("res = 0")
case 1:
print("res = 1")
case 2:
print("res = 2")
default:
print("other res")
}
// 输出为
// res = 1
// res = 2
switch中支持 字符串，字符类型
例如
字符串
let string = "aaa"
switch string {
case "aaa":
print("string is aaa")
case "bbb":
print("string is bbb")
default:
break
} // string is aaa
字符类型
let character: Character = "a"
switch character {
case "a","A":
print("string is a or A")
default:
print("string is not a or A")
} //string is a or A
区间、元组匹配
- 可以用下划线_ 忽略某个值
- 可以对区间，和元组进行匹配
let count = 8
switch count {
case 0:
print("0")
case 1..<5:
print("1到4")
case 5..<10:
print("5到10")
default:
break
}
//5到10
和
let point = (1,0)
switch point {
case (0, 0):
print("原点")
case (_, 0):
print("x轴")
case (0, _):
print("y轴")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
print("区间")
default:
print("other")
}
//x轴
值绑定
let point2 = (1,0)
switch point2 {
case (0, 0):
print("原点")
case (let x, 0):
print("x轴 x是 \(x)")
case (0, let y):
print("y轴 y是 \(y)")
case let (x, y):
print("somewhere else at (\(x),\(y))")
default:
print("other")
}
// x轴 x是 1
where
var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,]
var sum = 0
for num in numbers where num > 2 {
sum += num
}
print(sum) //12
标签语句
标签语句用于执行的时候，跳转到标签的位置
例如
outer: for i in 1...4{
for k in 1...4 {
if k == 2 {
continue
}
if i == 3 {
break outer
}
print("i == \(i), k == \(k)")
}
}
输出为
i == 1, k == 1
i == 1, k == 3
i == 1, k == 4
i == 2, k == 1
i == 2, k == 3
i == 2, k == 4
如果加了标签
outer: for i in 1...4{
for k in 1...4 {
if k == 2 {
continue outer
}
if i == 3 {
break outer
}
print("i == \(i), k == \(k)")
}
}
输出为
i == 1, k == 1
i == 2, k == 1
参考资料:
