df -h获取当前文件系统的使用情况
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 794M 1.2M 793M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 9.8G 8.8G 488M 95% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 1.7G 251M 1.4G 16% /boot
shared 439G 409G 31G 94% /opt/shared
tmpfs 794M 4.0K 794M 1% /run/user/1000
shared 439G 409G 31G 94% /media/sf_shared
物理磁盘扩容
关闭虚拟机 -> 右上角【管理】 -> 虚拟介质管理，在页面上选择对应的虚拟机磁盘，拖动浮标修改大小
NOTICE：目前无法将大磁盘改小，暂未实现缩减功能
虚拟介质管理.png
查看新添加的磁盘，下图中的/dev/sda即为挂载的磁盘，同时我们可以看到对应Linux文件系统根目录的虚拟磁盘/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv的容量并没有增加
$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for spinq:
Disk /dev/loop0: 63.46 MiB, 66547712 bytes, 129976 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 63.91 MiB, 67014656 bytes, 130888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 79.95 MiB, 83832832 bytes, 163736 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 111.95 MiB, 117387264 bytes, 229272 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 40.86 MiB, 42840064 bytes, 83672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
GPT PMBR size mismatch (31457279 != 104857599) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device.
Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0F7F3C0E-834C-4462-AB38-63129ECAD7E6
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 3674111 3670016 1.8G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 3674112 31455231 27781120 13.2G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520
sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
此时df -h
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 794M 1.2M 793M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 9.8G 8.2G 1.2G 89% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 1.7G 251M 1.4G 16% /boot
shared 439G 409G 30G 94% /opt/shared
tmpfs 794M 4.0K 794M 1% /run/user/1000
Q1: 为什么``变大了一点
Q2: 为什么第二个shared消失了
扩展物理分区
如果仔细看，我们可以发现/dev/sda的几个分区加起来并没有达到50G的大小
这说明在磁盘尾部还留有一大片未被分配的区域，为了使用它们，我们需要将这些空间划分到我们希望挂载的分区中去。我们使用parted来实现
sudo parted /dev/sda
(parted) resizepart 3
End? [31456.2MB]? 100%
(parted) quit
再次查看磁盘空间，发现分区/dev/sda3变大
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 0F7F3C0E-834C-4462-AB38-63129ECAD7E6
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 3674111 3670016 1.8G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 3674112 104857566 101183455 48.2G Linux filesystem
挂载物理卷轴到虚拟卷轴
若上一步修改了磁盘分区大小，需要同步更新物理卷轴大小
sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
查看可用的物理卷轴大小，Free PE即为可增加的空间，数据为卷轴数量，每个卷轴4MB
$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <48.25 GiB / not usable 16.50 KiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12351
Free PE 8960
Allocated PE 3391
PV UUID NXUaFx-dgOz-nxvG-1Dlx-T6w6-9lte-Yyfh4a
将这些空间全部用来扩展 LVM 逻辑卷
$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to <48.25 GiB (12351 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
命令文件系统重新分配空间
$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 7
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 12647424 (4k) blocks long.
再查看df -h，发现空间已经增加
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 794M 1.2M 793M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 8.2G 38G 18% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 1.7G 251M 1.4G 16% /boot
shared 439G 409G 30G 94% /opt/shared
tmpfs 794M 4.0K 794M 1% /run/user/1000
