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英国社会的等级划分，往往综合以下四个方面：
family background/ wealth/ occupation/education
家庭背景/财富/职业/教育
那么结合维基百科等网络资源和课堂教学，和大家分享一下具体阶层分类
I、Informal classifications and stereotypes 非正式的等级划分
1.Underclass--- people who are "chronically unemployed", and in many instances have been for generations.
Typical characteristics are:
•Long-term unemployment, sometimes for generations.
•Living in council housing.
下层阶级--指长期无业，甚至历代贫困潦倒的人们，常常住在市建廉租房中.
2.Working class---people would work as manual labourers or would be skilled industrial jobs or tradesmen, traditionally in the construction and manufacturing industry.
Typical characteristics are:
•No higher education
•‘Blue collar jobs’
-unskilled and semi-skilled jobs often in industry, e.g. factories,mills, mines, etc.
-skilled jobs, e.g.self-employed contractors, construction, plumbing, etc.
•Regional accents
工人阶级--常指体力劳动者或者从事建筑及手工行业。典型特点是受教育水平不高，常常是蓝领工作者。煤矿工人，建筑工人，铅工业工人等等。常常有地域口音。
3. Middle class-The middle class in Britain often consists of people with tertiary education and may have been educated in either state or private schools.
Typical characteristics are:
•Good education, e.g. university degree
•Typical jobs include accountants, architects, solicitors, surveyors, social workers, teachers, managers, specialist IT workers, engineers, doctors, university-educated nurses and civil servants.
•Often own a property
•They also value culture and make up a significant proportion of the book-buying and theatre-going public.
中产阶级--受过高等教育的人群。行业领域涉及会计，建筑师，律师、测量员、社区服务、教师、经理、专业IT，工程师，医生，护士、公务员等。他们大多拥有房产，并且对文化和艺术有一定的追求，会将收入的一部分用来买书、看话剧等。
4. Upper class--The British "upper class" is statistically very small and consists of the peerage ,gentry and hereditary landowners, among others.
Typical characteristics are:
•The Royal Family
•The aristocracy (inherited titles ,eg Duke, Earl and land from family )
•Historically landowner ,whose wealth came from land
•Upper class values ;good social background ,good manners,well-sppken (RP accent )
•Often educated in particular public schools , eg Eton
上层阶级---占据人口比例很小，通常是皇室贵族。他们可能从家族世袭爵位或是继承土地，有良好的社会背景和文明的礼仪，是少数说标准纯正英式发音的一群人，大多在类似伊顿公学的学校读书。
II、Formal classification 正式分类
先参考以下两个时代
20世纪
21世纪
接下来重点解读2013年， BBC经过对16万英格兰当地居民调查后的结果
BBC Lab UK study（2013）The BBC Lab UK study
(2013) suggests that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural:
•economic capital - income, savings, house value
•social capital - the number and status of people someone knows.
•cultural capital -the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities.
等级分类跨越三个维度——经济，社会和文化
经济资本——收入，存款，房屋价值
社会资本——社交圈的人数和地位
文化资本——文化兴趣与活动的范畴和特性
综合考虑以上三个维度，请在以下分类中对号入座
以上七个阶级在社会中占有比例如下：
下图为年收入、工作种类、教育水平、居住地点和文化背景的统计图。
这节课给我最大的启示，是英国人对于社交和文化的重视。我想这是我们需要借鉴的地方，从小培养我们的孩子在艺术和生活中寻找快乐，才不至于在日渐富足的社会形势下迷失方向，逐渐失去对生活的热情。兴趣爱好的培养，是一个人最大的精神财富。当我们学会了洗尽铅华之后的享受孤独，才会真正收获快乐与满足。
