1、直接使用UIKit提供的接口UIGraphicsImageRenderer

import UIKit

// #1
func resizedImage(at url: URL, for size: CGSize) -> UIImage? {
    guard let image = UIImage(contentsOfFile: url.path) else {
        return nil
    }

    let renderer = UIGraphicsImageRenderer(size: size)
    return renderer.image { (context) in
        image.draw(in: CGRect(origin: .zero, size: size))
    }
}

2、使用Core Graphics进行图片处理

import UIKit
import CoreGraphics

// #2
func resizedImage(at url: URL, for size: CGSize) -> UIImage? {
    guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL(url as NSURL, nil),
        let image = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(imageSource, 0, nil)
    else {
        return nil
    }

    let context = CGContext(data: nil,
                            width: Int(size.width),
                            height: Int(size.height),
                            bitsPerComponent: image.bitsPerComponent,
                            bytesPerRow: image.bytesPerRow,
                            space: image.colorSpace ?? CGColorSpace(name: CGColorSpace.sRGB)!,
                            bitmapInfo: image.bitmapInfo.rawValue)
    context?.interpolationQuality = .high
    context?.draw(image, in: CGRect(origin: .zero, size: size))

    guard let scaledImage = context?.makeImage() else { return nil }

    return UIImage(cgImage: scaledImage)
}

3、使用Image I/O创建缩略图

import ImageIO

// #3
func resizedImage(at url: URL, for size: CGSize) -> UIImage? {
    let options: [CFString: Any] = [
        kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailFromImageIfAbsent: true,
        kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform: true,
        kCGImageSourceShouldCacheImmediately: true,
        kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize: max(size.width, size.height)
    ]

    guard let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL(url as NSURL, nil),
        let image = CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(imageSource, 0, options as CFDictionary)
    else {
        return nil
    }

    return UIImage(cgImage: image)
}

此外还可以使用Core Image、vImage框架进行处理

不过这两种方法目前并不主流，性能上来讲也不如前三者，iOS平台开发目前最建议使用的是UIGraphicsImageRenderer