实验拓扑:
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步骤一、初始化配置
包括四台路由器的接口IP配置,以及三个区域的OSPF配置。
其中,在SW4上引入三条外部路由:10.0.0.0、10.0.0.1和10.0.0.2,
SW4上的配置如下:
配置OSPF:
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
area 2
netw 192.168.34.4 0.0.0.255
引入外部路由:
int lo 0
ip ad 10.0.0.0 32
int lo 1
ip ad 10.0.0.1 32
int lo 2
ip ad 10.0.0.2 32
quit
ospf 1
import-route direct
完成上述操作后,观察四台路由器的LSDB:
SW4:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.2
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 485 36 80000005 0
Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 211 36 80000005 0
Network 192.168.34.3 3.3.3.3 480 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 690 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 690 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 690 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 3.3.3.3 690 28 80000001 2
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 211 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 211 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 211 36 80000001 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 211 36 80000001 1
SW3:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 773 36 80000005 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 774 36 80000004 0
Network 192.168.23.2 2.2.2.2 773 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 814 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 814 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 3.3.3.3 751 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 814 28 80000001 1
Sum-Asbr 4.4.4.4 3.3.3.3 273 28 80000001 1
Area: 0.0.0.2
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 546 36 80000005 0
Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 274 36 80000005 0
Network 192.168.34.3 3.3.3.3 542 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 751 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 751 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 751 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 3.3.3.3 751 28 80000001 2
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 274 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 274 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 274 36 80000001 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 274 36 80000001 1
SW2:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 686 36 80000005 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 686 36 80000004 0
Network 192.168.23.2 2.2.2.2 685 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 726 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 726 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 3.3.3.3 665 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 726 28 80000001 1
Sum-Asbr 4.4.4.4 3.3.3.3 187 28 80000001 1
Area: 0.0.0.1
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 746 60 80000007 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 726 36 80000005 0
Network 192.168.12.1 1.1.1.1 736 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 726 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 664 28 80000001 2
Sum-Asbr 4.4.4.4 2.2.2.2 186 28 80000001 2
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 188 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 188 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 188 36 80000001 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 188 36 80000001 1
SW1:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.1
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 259 60 8000000A 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 240 36 80000008 0
Network 192.168.12.1 1.1.1.1 251 32 80000005 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 240 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 180 28 80000004 2
Sum-Asbr 4.4.4.4 2.2.2.2 1400 28 80000003 2
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 1403 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 1403 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 1403 36 80000003 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 1403 36 80000003 1
观察SW3和SW2的路由表:
SW3:
Destinations : 19 Routes : 19
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.0.0.0/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
10.0.0.1/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
10.0.0.2/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
20.0.0.0/32 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
20.0.0.1/32 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.12.0/24 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
192.168.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
192.168.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
192.168.34.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.34.3 GE0/2
192.168.34.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.34.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.34.3 GE0/2
SW2:
Destinations : 19 Routes : 19
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.0.0.0/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
10.0.0.1/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
10.0.0.2/32 O_ASE2 150 1 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
20.0.0.0/32 O_INTRA 10 1 192.168.12.1 GE0/0
20.0.0.1/32 O_INTRA 10 1 192.168.12.1 GE0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.12.2 GE0/0
192.168.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.12.2 GE0/0
192.168.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
192.168.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
步骤二、将区域2设置为NSSA区域
在SW3和SW4上进行以下操作:
ospf 1
area 2
nssa
完成上述操作后等待SW3和SW4之间重新建立邻居关系。
然后查看四台路由器的LSDB。
首先查看SW4和SW3的LSDB:
SW4:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.2
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 36 36 80000004 0
Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 34 36 80000003 0
Network 192.168.34.4 4.4.4.4 34 32 80000001 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 76 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 76 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 76 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 3.3.3.3 76 28 80000001 2
NSSA 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 88 36 80000001 1
NSSA 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 88 36 80000001 1
NSSA 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 88 36 80000001 1
NSSA 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 89 36 80000001 1
SW3:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 181 36 80000009 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 535 36 80000007 0
Network 192.168.23.2 2.2.2.2 535 32 80000005 0
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 576 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 576 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 3.3.3.3 507 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 576 28 80000004 1
Area: 0.0.0.2
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 140 36 80000004 0
Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 140 36 80000003 0
Network 192.168.34.4 4.4.4.4 141 32 80000001 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 181 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 181 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 181 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 3.3.3.3 181 28 80000001 2
NSSA 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 195 36 80000001 1
NSSA 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 195 36 80000001 1
NSSA 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 195 36 80000001 1
NSSA 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 196 36 80000001 1
从SW4和SW3的LSDB中发现area 2(即NSSA)内已经没有5类LSA(AS External LSA),取而代之的是7类LSA(NSSA LSA)。
再查看SW2和SW1的LSDB:
SW2:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 259 36 80000009 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 612 36 80000007 0
Network 192.168.23.2 2.2.2.2 612 32 80000005 0
Sum-Net 20.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 652 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 20.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 652 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 3.3.3.3 586 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 652 28 80000004 1
Area: 0.0.0.1
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 672 60 8000000A 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 652 36 80000008 0
Network 192.168.12.1 1.1.1.1 664 32 80000005 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 652 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 592 28 80000004 2
Sum-Asbr 3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 258 28 80000001 1
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 209 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 1815 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 209 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 1815 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.2 3.3.3.3 209 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 1815 36 80000003 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 1815 36 80000003 1
SW1:
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.1
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 737 60 8000000A 0
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 718 36 80000008 0
Network 192.168.12.1 1.1.1.1 729 32 80000005 0
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 718 28 80000004 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 658 28 80000004 2
Sum-Asbr 3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 324 28 80000001 1
AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 10.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 275 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 1881 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 275 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 1881 36 80000003 1
External 10.0.0.2 3.3.3.3 275 36 80000001 1
External 10.0.0.2 4.4.4.4 1881 36 80000003 1
External 192.168.34.0 4.4.4.4 1881 36 80000003 1
在SW2和SW1上可以看到,与它们之前的LSDB相比,5类LSA新增加了三条由SW3生成的5类LSA:
External 10.0.0.1 3.3.3.3
External 10.0.0.0 3.3.3.3
External 10.0.0.2 3.3.3.3
并且在area 1中发现原本的4类LSA
Sum-Asbr 4.4.4.4 2.2.2.2
变为:
Sum-Asbr 3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2
Link State ID由4.4.4.4变为了3.3.3.3。
这证明作为NSSA区域与area 0之间的ABR,SW3已经将7类LSA转化为了5类LSA进行传播。
由于area 2变为NSSA后5类LSA由SW3产生,因此作为area 0和area 1之间的ABR(即SW2)从area 0接收到SW3产生的5类LSA后,生成的4类LSA将SW3视为ASBR。
最后观察4台路由器的路由表,发现只有SW3的路由表发生了改变:
SW3:
Destinations : 19 Routes : 19
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
10.0.0.0/32 O_NSSA2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
10.0.0.1/32 O_NSSA2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
10.0.0.2/32 O_NSSA2 150 1 192.168.34.4 GE0/2
20.0.0.0/32 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
20.0.0.1/32 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.12.0/24 O_INTER 10 2 192.168.23.2 GE0/1
192.168.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
192.168.23.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.23.3 GE0/1
192.168.34.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.34.3 GE0/2
192.168.34.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.34.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.34.3 GE0/2
SW3中去往10.0.0.0、10.0.0.1和10.0.0.2的路由类型由O_ASE2变为了O_NSSA2。