约瑟芬·贝克诞辰 111 周年
凭借着犀利的眼睛和异国风情的服装，约瑟芬·贝克在二十世纪 二十年代闯入了国际舞台，成为了爵士乐的划时代标志，并且成为世界上最广受赞誉的非洲裔美国人之一。
1906年6月3日，贝克出生在一个歌舞杂耍演员家庭，在青少年时代，贝克就开始参与到了家庭的事业中。她的早期演绎生涯是在公共场所跳舞。她最终在哈林文艺复兴时期的早期踏上了纽约，加入了一个全黑人的百老汇音乐剧合唱团-沙幅阿浪。从那里开始，她又启程去了巴黎，在城市歌舞剧表演中确立了自己的知名度和艺术风格，歌唱，庆祝女性解放和认同非洲文化的舞蹈。
作为欧洲社会上流社会的人物，当时世界上被拍摄最多的女性之一，贝克在1936年回到美国的时候，却因为在百老汇系列剧“菲尔德·福利斯”中的短暂出演，而遭到了媒体和舆论的种族歧视。为多元文化和民权的抗争成为了她一生持久的关切和追求。她拒绝为种族隔离的观众表演，和美国有色人种协进会亲密合作。1963年，她在华盛顿作为唯一的女性进行了正式的公共演讲，她称之为“盐和胡椒，该是什么就是什么。”她的家庭生活也体现了她的理念，她收养了来自世界各地的十二个孩子，亲切的称他们是她的彩虹部落。
似乎这一切依然不够让她的人生完整，贝克在第二次世界大战期间，她秘密的参与了法国保卫战，与高层的安盟官员会面和周旋，并利用她艺术名人的身份来获取情报-将情报用隐形墨水写在她的乐谱上。战争结束后，她被授予了“战争十字”，并被戴高乐介绍进了著名的法国荣誉军团。
毫无疑问，欧内斯特·海明威曾经把贝克称为“任何人都会认为是最耸人听闻的女人，会着终将会认为”。
祝福约瑟芬·贝克111岁生日快乐！
呆妞儿的收获：
NAACP=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国（美国）有色人种协进会
French resistance 法国保卫战
呆妞儿的扩展：
"salt and pepper. Just what it should be." Josephine Baker’s quote:
The Official Josephine Baker Website
呆妞儿的疑问：
Shuffle Along 黑人合唱团,中文如何翻译？
segregated audiences 是指存在种族隔离的观众人群？对种族有限制的观众人群？
早期贝克的艺术形象
推出此涂鸦的区域
Google doodles 原文
Josephine Baker's 111th Birthday
With her kohl-rimmed eyes and exotic costumes, Josephine Baker pounced onto the global stage in the 1920s, becoming a Jazz Age icon and one of the first internationally recognized African-American entertainers.
Born into a vaudevillian family on June 3, 1906, Baker took up the family trade as a teenager. Her early days were spent dancing in public spaces for spare change. She eventually made her way to New York City at the dawn of the Harlem Renaissance, where she joined the chorus line of Shuffle Along, the first all-black Broadway musical. From there, she set off for Paris and found her fame and artistic home in the city’s opulent cabarets, singing and performing uninhibited dance routines that celebrated female liberation and African cultural identity.
A celebrity in Europe – and one of the most photographed women on the planet – Baker nonetheless faced racially charged comments from the press when she returned to the U.S. in 1936 for a short-lived starring turn in the Broadway series Ziegfeld Follies. Championing diversity and fighting for civil rights would become an enduring concern throughout her life. She refused to perform for segregated audiences and worked closely with the NAACP. In 1963, she participated in the March on Washington as the only female speaker to officially address the crowd, which she described as looking like "salt and pepper. Just what it should be." Her family life also mirrored her ideals. She adopted 12 children from around the world, affectionately referring to them as her Rainbow Tribe.
As if all that weren’t enough for one life, Baker had a secret career with the French resistance during World War II, socializing with Axis officials at high-society parties and using her cover as a country-hopping celebrity to gather intelligence — often writing it on her sheet music in invisible ink. Following the war, she was awarded the Croix de Guerre and inducted by Charles de Gaulle into France’s prestigious Legion of Honour.
There’s little doubt why Ernest Hemingway once called her "the most sensational woman anybody ever saw—or ever will."
Happy 111th birthday, Josephine Baker!
