strings
A string can contain letters, numbers, and symbols.
escaping characters
access by index
Each character in a string is assigned a number. This number is called the index.
statement#返回该字符串索引对应的值
c = "cats"[0]
n = "Ryan"[3]
Python indices begin counting at 0
String methods
String methods let you perform specific tasks for strings.
We’ll focus on four string methods:
len() # which gets the length (the number of characters) of a string
lower()# get rid of all the capitalization in your strings. You call lower() like so: 全部小写
statement
"Ryan".lower()
which will return "ryan"
upper() # A similar method exists to make a string completely upper case.
str()
Dot Notation
Methods that use dot notation only work with strings.
On the other hand, len() and str() can work on other data types.
Printing Strings
The area where we’ve been writing our code is called the editor.
The console (the window to the right of the editor) is where the results of your code is shown.
String Concatenation
+
Explicit String Conversion
str()
String Formatting with %, Part 1
statement
name = "Mike"
print "Hello %s" % (name)
# The % operator after the string is used to combine a string with variables. The % operator will replace the %s in the string with the string variable that comes after it.这个百分号不止能代表一个变量，（You need the same number of %s terms in a string as the number of variables in parentheses:）例如
statement
string_1 = "Camelot"
string_2 = "place"
print "Let's not go to %s. 'Tis a silly %s." % (string_1, string_2)
If you’d like to print a variable that is an integer, you can “pad” it with zeros using %02d. The 0 means “pad with zeros”, the 2 means to pad to 2 characters wide, and the d means the number is a signed integer (can be positive or negative).
statement
day = 6
print "03 - %s - 2019" % (day)
# 03 - 6 - 2019
print "03 - %02d - 2019" % (day)
# 03 - 06 - 2019
print "Ah, so your name is %s, your quest is %s, " \
"and your favorite color is %s." %(name, quest, color)
#其中\的作用暂时未知
