28 openEuler管理网络-配置主机名

28 openEuler管理网络-配置主机名28.1 简介28.2 使用hostnamectl配置主机名28.2.1 查看所有主机名28.2.2 设定所有主机名28.2.3 设定特定主机名28.2.4 清除特定主机名28.2.5 远程更改主机名28.3 使用nmcli配置主机名

28 openEuler管理网络-配置主机名

28.1 简介

hostname有三种类型：static、transient和pretty。

static：静态主机名，可由用户自行设置，并保存在/etc/hostname 文件中。
transient：动态主机名，由内核维护，初始是 static 主机名，默认值为“localhost”。可由DHCP或mDNS在运行时更改。
pretty：灵活主机名，允许使用自由形式（包括特殊/空白字符）进行设置。静态/动态主机名遵从域名的通用限制。

[图片上传失败...(image-7d45e6-1677581574541)]

说明： static和transient主机名只能包含a-z、A-Z、0-9、“-”、“_”和“.”，不能在开头或结尾处使用句点，不允许使用两个相连的句点，大小限制为 64 个字符。

28.2 使用hostnamectl配置主机名

28.2.1 查看所有主机名

查看当前的主机名，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">$ hostnamectl status</pre>

[图片上传失败...(image-26dc0e-1677581574541)]

说明： 如果命令未指定任何选项，则默认使用status选项。

例如示例命令如下：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[superman@superman-21 ~] $hostnamectl status Static hostname: superman-21 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 759fea68a4e24eca941fe49deb33625f Boot ID: e1c64b8866c44ee1b454be48444874ee Virtualization: vmware Operating System: openEuler 22.03 LTS Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64 Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc. Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform [superman@superman-21 ~]$ </pre>

28.2.2 设定所有主机名

在root权限下，设定系统中的所有主机名，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="" cid="n24" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># hostnamectl set-hostname name</pre>

例如示例命令如下：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n26" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname superman-22
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl status
Static hostname: superman-22
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 759fea68a4e24eca941fe49deb33625f
Boot ID: e1c64b8866c44ee1b454be48444874ee
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: openEuler 22.03 LTS
Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc.
Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

28.2.3 设定特定主机名

在root权限下，通过不同的参数来设定特定主机名，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n29" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># hostnamectl set-hostname name [option...]</pre>

其中option可以是--pretty、--static、--transient中的一个或多个选项。

如果--static或--transient与--pretty选项一同使用时，则会将static和transient主机名简化为pretty主机名格式，使用“-”替换空格，并删除特殊字符。

当设定pretty主机名时，如果主机名中包含空格或单引号，需要使用引号。命令示例如下：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n33" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname "Superman's compute" --pretty
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl status
Static hostname: superman-22
Pretty hostname: Superman's compute
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 759fea68a4e24eca941fe49deb33625f
Boot ID: e1c64b8866c44ee1b454be48444874ee
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: openEuler 22.03 LTS
Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc.
Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

28.2.4 清除特定主机名

要清除特定主机名，并将其还原为默认形式，在root权限下，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n36" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># hostnamectl set-hostname [option...]</pre>

其中是空白字符串，option是--pretty、--static和--transient中的一个或多个选项。

例如示例命令如下：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n39" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ''
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl status
Static hostname: n/a
Transient hostname: localhost
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 759fea68a4e24eca941fe49deb33625f
Boot ID: e1c64b8866c44ee1b454be48444874ee
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: openEuler 22.03 LTS
Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc.
Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

28.2.5 远程更改主机名

在远程系统中运行hostnamectl命令时，要使用-H，--host 选项，在root权限下使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n42" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># hostnamectl set-hostname -H [username]@hostname new_hostname</pre>

其中hostname是要配置的远程主机，username为自选项，new_hostname为新主机名。hostnamectl会通过SSH连接到远程系统。

例如示例命令如下：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n45" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname -H root@192.168.0.22 superman-22
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.22 (192.168.0.22)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:1g4JR7igfNIp0ZoCsl/Cv6zuO6gkMEBn2CWT7IQQPj4.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.22' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.

Authorized users only. All activities may be monitored and reported.
root@192.168.0.22's password:
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

28.3 使用nmcli配置主机名

查询static主机名，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="basic" cid="n48" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">$ nmcli general hostname</pre>

在root权限下，将static主机名设定为superman-vm01，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n50" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# nmcli general hostname superman-vm01
[root@superman-21 ~]#
[root@superman-21 ~]# hostnamectl status
Static hostname: superman-vm01
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 759fea68a4e24eca941fe49deb33625f
Boot ID: e1c64b8866c44ee1b454be48444874ee
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: openEuler 22.03 LTS
Kernel: Linux 5.10.0-60.18.0.50.oe2203.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc.
Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

要让系统hostnamectl感知到static主机名的更改，在root权限下，重启hostnamed服务，使用如下命令：

<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n52" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>

[图片上传失败...(image-7d4824-1677581574542)]

人面猴
序言：七十年代末，一起剥皮案震惊了整个滨河市，随后出现的几起案子，更是在滨河造成了极大的恐慌，老刑警刘岩，带你破解...
沈念sama阅读 218,204评论 6赞 506
死咒
序言：滨河连续发生了三起死亡事件，死亡现场离奇诡异，居然都是意外死亡，警方通过查阅死者的电脑和手机，发现死者居然都...
沈念sama阅读 93,091评论 3赞 395
救了他两次的神仙让他今天三更去死
文/潘晓璐我一进店门，熙熙楼的掌柜王于贵愁眉苦脸地迎上来，“玉大人，你说我怎么就摊上这事。” “怎么了？”我有些...
开封第一讲书人阅读 164,548评论 0赞 354
道士缉凶录：失踪的卖姜人
文/不坏的土叔我叫张陵，是天一观的道长。经常有香客问我，道长，这世上最难降的妖魔是什么？我笑而不...
开封第一讲书人阅读 58,657评论 1赞 293
港岛之恋（遗憾婚礼）
正文为了忘掉前任，我火速办了婚礼，结果婚礼上，老公的妹妹穿的比我还像新娘。我一直安慰自己，他们只是感情好，可当我...
茶点故事阅读 67,689评论 6赞 392
恶毒庶女顶嫁案：这布局不是一般人想出来的
文/花漫我一把揭开白布。她就那样静静地躺着，像睡着了一般。火红的嫁衣衬着肌肤如雪。梳的纹丝不乱的头发上，一...
开封第一讲书人阅读 51,554评论 1赞 305
城市分裂传说
那天，我揣着相机与录音，去河边找鬼。笑死，一个胖子当着我的面吹牛，可吹牛的内容都是我干的。我是一名探鬼主播，决...
沈念sama阅读 40,302评论 3赞 418
双鸳鸯连环套：你想象不到人心有多黑
文/苍兰香墨我猛地睁开眼，长吁一口气：“原来是场噩梦啊……” “哼！你这毒妇竟也来了？” 一声冷哼从身侧响起，我...
开封第一讲书人阅读 39,216评论 0赞 276
万荣杀人案实录
序言：老挝万荣一对情侣失踪，失踪者是张志新（化名）和其女友刘颖，没想到半个月后，有当地人在树林里发现了一具尸体，经...
沈念sama阅读 45,661评论 1赞 314
护林员之死
正文独居荒郊野岭守林人离奇死亡，尸身上长有42处带血的脓包…… 初始之章·张勋以下内容为张勋视角年9月15日...
茶点故事阅读 37,851评论 3赞 336
白月光启示录
正文我和宋清朗相恋三年，在试婚纱的时候发现自己被绿了。大学时的朋友给我发了我未婚夫和他白月光在一起吃饭的照片。...
茶点故事阅读 39,977评论 1赞 348
活死人
序言：一个原本活蹦乱跳的男人离奇死亡，死状恐怖，灵堂内的尸体忽然破棺而出，到底是诈尸还是另有隐情，我是刑警宁泽，带...
沈念sama阅读 35,697评论 5赞 347
日本核电站爆炸内幕
正文年R本政府宣布，位于F岛的核电站，受9级特大地震影响，放射性物质发生泄漏。R本人自食恶果不足惜，却给世界环境...
茶点故事阅读 41,306评论 3赞 330
男人毒药：我在死后第九天来索命
文/蒙蒙一、第九天我趴在偏房一处隐蔽的房顶上张望。院中可真热闹，春花似锦、人声如沸。这庄子的主人今日做“春日...
开封第一讲书人阅读 31,898评论 0赞 22
一桩弑父案，背后竟有这般阴谋
文/苍兰香墨我抬头看了看天上的太阳。三九已至，却和暖如春，着一层夹袄步出监牢的瞬间，已是汗流浃背。一阵脚步声响...
开封第一讲书人阅读 33,019评论 1赞 270
情欲美人皮
我被黑心中介骗来泰国打工，没想到刚下飞机就差点儿被人妖公主榨干…… 1. 我叫王不留，地道东北人。一个月前我还...
沈念sama阅读 48,138评论 3赞 370
代替公主和亲
正文我出身青楼，却偏偏与公主长得像，于是被迫代替她去往敌国和亲。传闻我的和亲对象是个残疾皇子，可洞房花烛夜当晚...
茶点故事阅读 44,927评论 2赞 355

28 openEuler管理网络-配置主机名