【学习笔记】懂你英语 商务英语 Level 6 Unit 1 Part 5（I）词汇 Maslow's Hierarchy
【词汇】Hierarchy 层次;等级;层次结构
Maslow's hierarchy 马斯洛需求层次理论，是亚伯拉罕·马斯洛于1943年提出，其基本内容是将人的需求从低到高依次分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。
Scientists have been studying motivation for many years. 科学家多年来一直在研究动机。
An American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, developed a theory called the Hierarchy of Needs. 美国心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛提出了需求层次理论。
According to this theory, individuals' most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level needs. 根据这一理论，个人最基本的需要必须得到满足，才能激发他们实现更高层次的需要。
There are five levels of needs in the hierarchy.
physiological 一、生理需求
Physiological needs are the most basic requirements for people to stay alive, such as eating, drinking, and sleeping. 生理需要是人们生存的最基本要求，如吃、喝、睡。
When these needs are not met, people seek to fulfill them above all else. 当这些需求得不到满足时，人们会首先寻求满足。
safety and security 二、安全需求
The second most important need after physiological needs is safety and security.
Human beings need to feel safe and secure not only physically, but also financially and psychologically. 人类不仅需要身体上的安全感，而且需要经济上和心理上的安全感。
If someone loses their job, they may worry because their income isn't stable. 如果失业了，人们会觉得焦虑，这是因为收入不稳定。
Many staff were worried about job security, since several employees had been laid off after the merger. 【填空】许多员工担心工作安全，因为合并后有几名员工被解雇了。
【选择】【填空】【跟读】-If someone is starving, they are lacking a physiological need.
【选择】-If an employee in a company has been laid off, they have lost... job security.
【跟读】If someone loses their job, they may worry because their income isn't stable.
belong and love 三、归属和爱
According to Maslow, it's important that people feel accepted by their social groups,such as family, friends and even co-workers. 马斯洛认为，重要的是让人们感到被他们的社会群体所接受，比如家庭、朋友甚至同事。
If someone doesn't feel loved or accepted by the people in their life, they may become lonely, depressed, or insecure. 如果一个人在生活中感觉不到被人们所爱或接受，他们可能会变得孤独、沮丧或没有安全感。
Companies that encourage team-building activities have higher employee engagement than those that don't. 【填空】鼓励团队建设活动的公司比不鼓励团队建设活动的公司有更高的员工敬业度。
self-esteem 四、自尊需求
Self-esteem is the confidence a person has in themselves. 自尊是一个人对自己的信心。
At work, people need to feel that they are performing well and their achievements are recognized.在工作中，人们需要感觉他们表现良好并得到认可。
If employees are encouraged, they are often more engaged. 如果受到鼓励，他们通常会更加投入。
So it's important to praise their work.
Employees will have high self-esteem if they feel their achievements are recognized by others. 【填空】 如果员工觉得自己的成就得到了别人的认可，他们就会有很高的自尊。
If employees are praised for their work, they often become more engaged. 如果员工的工作受到表扬，他们往往会变得更敬业。
self-actualization 五、自我实现需求
Self-actualization refers to a person's need to reach their full potential. 自我实现是指一个人需要充分发挥自己的潜能。
Since each individual is unique, people take different paths to achieve self-actualization. 因为每个人都是独一无二的，所以人们采取不同的方式来实现自我实现
Therefore, managers should understand their employees' needs, and encourage them to achieve their goals. 因此，管理者应该了解员工的需求，并鼓励他们实现目标。
Because individuals are unique, their motivations for selt-actualization are different. 因为个体是独特的，他们自我实现的动机是不同的
【选择】-How may someone feel if they don't feel accepted at work? -Lonely, depressed or insecure.
【选择】-Why is it important to praise employees for their work? -They may become more engaged.
【选择】Because individuals are unique, ... their motivations for self-actualization are different.
【跟读】If employees are encouraged, they are often more engaged.
【跟读】Self-esteem is the confidence a person has in themselves.
