如果想把python程序发布成.exe的话,一般我们都会使用pyinstaller, 怎么打包这里我就不说了。有时我们打包的结果会非常大,我最大的一次居然有900M......下面我就总结一下可以对发布结果瘦身的方法。
注意:下面的方法只对打包成多个文件夹(pyinstaller -D
)的情况有效;对打包成一个.exe
文件(pyinstaller -F
)的情况无效。
- 使用
from ... import ...
进行引用,尽量减少不必要的引用(但是某些依赖比如opencv
,所有的方法都在一个.pyd
(78M)里面,所以即使只引用一个方法,整个.pyd
都会引入); - 尽量不使用
anaconda
; - 尽量不用
sys.setrecursionlimit(5000)
, 但是打包遇到recursion error
时就只能用了; - 直接对打包后的结果瘦身,移除不需要的依赖。
在这里详细说明一下第四种方法:
- 保证程序可以长时间运行,结束的太快可以在main函数里写个循环,多执行几次;
- 然后执行程序, 并在命令行里面输入
tasklist / m | more >> .\include.txt
,(此时程序需要在执行中) 这个命令会把所有运行程序的.dll
依赖存到include.txt
;然后搜索程序名,比如image_register
, 结果如下:
image_register.exe 7752 ntdll.dll, kernel32.dll, KERNELBASE.dll,
WS2_32.dll, msvcrt.dll, RPCRT4.dll,
NSI.dll, api-ms-win-core-synch-l1-2-0.DLL,
python36.dll, VERSION.dll, SHLWAPI.dll,
GDI32.dll, USER32.dll, LPK.dll, USP10.dll,
ADVAPI32.dll, sechost.dll, ole32.dll,
OLEAUT32.dll, VCRUNTIME140.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll,
ucrtbase.DLL,
api-ms-win-core-localization-l1-2-0.dll,
api-ms-win-core-processthreads-l1-1-1.dll,
api-ms-win-core-file-l1-2-0.dll,
api-ms-win-core-timezone-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-core-file-l2-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-convert-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-environment-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-process-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-conio-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll,
IMM32.DLL, MSCTF.dll, CRYPTSP.dll,
rsaenh.dll, CRYPTBASE.dll, _ctypes.pyd,
_socket.pyd, select.pyd, _bz2.pyd,
_lzma.pyd, pyexpat.pyd, _hashlib.pyd,
api-ms-win-crt-utility-l1-1-0.dll,
win32api.pyd, SHELL32.dll,
pywintypes36.dll, secur32.dll, SSPICLI.DLL,
pythoncom36.dll, uxtheme.dll, urlmon.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-ole32-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-shlwapi-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-advapi32-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-user32-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-version-l1-1-0.dll,
api-ms-win-downlevel-normaliz-l1-1-0.dll,
normaliz.DLL, iertutil.dll, WININET.dll,
USERENV.dll, profapi.dll,
cv2.cp36-win_amd64.pyd, MSVFW32.dll,
WINMM.dll, COMCTL32.dll, AVIFIL32.dll,
MSACM32.dll, AVICAP32.dll, COMDLG32.dll,
MFPlat.DLL, AVRT.dll, MF.dll, ATL.DLL,
ksuser.dll, MFReadWrite.dll,
multiarray.cp36-win_amd64.pyd, mkl_rt.dll,
umath.cp36-win_amd64.pyd,
lapack_lite.cp36-win_amd64.pyd,
_umath_linalg.cp36-win_amd64.pyd,
_mklinit.cp36-win_amd64.pyd,
fftpack_lite.cp36-win_amd64.pyd,
mtrand.cp36-win_amd64.pyd
这些.dll
文件以及.pyd
文件全在我们打包后的dist
文件里,都是程序运行需要的,除了这些以外base_library.zip和.exe.manifest
也是需要的,最后只要把不需要的移出来就可以瘦身啦。
python
操作文件很方便:
def move_file_of_py_installer_by_tree(root_path, dll_names, exclude_path):
# tasklist / m | more
dll_names = dll_names + ['base_library.zip',
'image_register.exe',
'image_register.exe.manifest']
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_path):
for file in files:
if file not in dll_names:
old_path = os.path.join(root, file)
new_dir = root.replace(root_path, exclude_path)
if not os.path.exists(new_dir):
os.makedirs(new_dir)
new_path = os.path.join(new_dir, file)
shutil.move(old_path, new_path)
print(old_path)
dll_names
就是在include.txt
里的依赖名字。
总结一下,如果使用了anaconda
环境,那打包真的是胖,使用第四个方法真的可以瘦下来好多。我那个image_register
瘦了500M.,还剩100M,其中78M是opencv
。 ^ _ ^