这可能是迄今为止最优雅的解决方案了

在 Homestead/scripts 目录下新建文件 serve-tp5.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
declare -A params=$6     # Create an associative array
paramsTXT=""
if [ -n "$6" ]; then
   for element in "${!params[@]}"
   do
      paramsTXT="${paramsTXT}
      fastcgi_param ${element} ${params[$element]};"
   done
fi

block="server {
    listen ${3:-80};
    listen ${4:-443} ssl http2;
    server_name .$1;
    root \"$2\";

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        #try_files \$uri \$uri/ /index.php?\$query_string;
        if (!-e \$request_filename) {
           rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=/\$1  last;
           #break;
        }
    }

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    access_log off;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/$1-error.log error;

    sendfile off;

    client_max_body_size 100m;


    location ~* ^(/images|/Static).+.(jpg|jpeg|css|gif|png|ico) {
        access_log              off;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  \$document_root\$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 16k;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }

    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/$1.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/$1.key;
}
"

echo "$block" > "/etc/nginx/sites-available/$1"
ln -fs "/etc/nginx/sites-available/$1" "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/$1"

Homestead.yaml 文件添加 type 设置

sites:
    - map: domain.test
      to: /path
      type: tp5

现在更新到最新的Homestead版本（大概6.3.0），官方自带了thinkphp类型

sites:
    - map: domain.test
      to: /path
      type: thinkphp

生成的配置文件如下：

server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name .ndd.local;
    root "/home/vagrant/code/ndd";

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=/$1  last;
            break;
        }
    }



    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    access_log off;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/ndd.local-error.log error;

    sendfile off;

    client_max_body_size 100m;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php5.6-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;


        fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 16k;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }

    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/ndd.local.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/ndd.local.key;
}