cobbler使用

标签（空格分隔）： linux相关

cobbler安装

说明：虚拟机网卡采用NAT模式或者仅主机模式，不要使用桥接模式，因为后面会搭建DHCP服务器，在同一个局域网多个DHCP服务会有冲突。
VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服务也关闭，避免干扰。

# 关闭防火墙、selinux等
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

# 配置epel源
yum -y install epel-release

# 安装cobbler及dhcp httpd xinetd cobbler-web
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd

# 启动cobbler及httpd并加入开机启动
systemctl start httpd cobblerd
systemctl enable httpd cobblerd

#查看安装后相关文件
rpm -ql cobbler
/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings         # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   # tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   # rsync服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso              # iso模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power            # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf       # Web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest     # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf     # Cobbler模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config       # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   # 默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler              # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images       # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源存储目录
/var/log/cobbler              # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler日志

#配置cobbler

cobbler check

#设置可以动态修改配置文件
sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c\allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings

grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings 
allow_dynamic_settings: 1

systemctl restart cobblerd


1. server
cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=192.168.100.3
2. next_server
cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=192.168.100.3



3. tftp_server
sed -ri '/disable/c\disable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
systemctl enable xinetd
systemctl restart xinetd

4. boot-loaders
cobbler get-loaders

5. rsyncd
systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd

6. debmirror [optional]
# 这个是可选项的，可以忽略。这里就忽略了

7. pykickstart
yum -y install pykickstart

8. default_password_crypted  #注意：这里设置的密码，也就是后面安装完系统的初始化登录密码
openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'admin'
$1$4344a7de$vcKBgotdDQhCFFgUx2PDo/

cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='$1$4344a7de$vcKBgotdDQhCFFgUx2PDo/'

9. fencing tools [optional]
yum -y install fence-agents

解决完成再次查看

# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

配置DHCP

# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1
# 修改cobbler的dhcp模块，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖

cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template{,.bak}
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     #option routers             192.168.1.5;
     #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.100.200 192.168.100.254;

同步cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。

# cobbler rsync
No such command: rsync
# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-07-24_111019_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Jul 24 11:10:19 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

这时候创建一个新虚拟机可以获取到如下信息，没有镜像选择，只能从本地启动

cobbler命令帮助

命令	说明
cobbler check	核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync	同步配置到数据目录，更改配置最好都执行一下
cobbler reposync	同步yum仓库
cobbler distro	查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system	查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息

cobbler配置安装centos7.x

由于我这里实在centos7系统上面配置的cobbler，所以上传了一个centos7的镜像并进行挂载

创建挂载点，并进行挂载，查看挂载后的目录

mount /dev/sr0 /centos7/

ls /centos7/
CentOS_BuildTag  GPL       LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI              images    Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA             isolinux  repodata  TRANS.TBL

导入镜像

cobbler import --path=/centos7 --name=centos7.6 --arch=x86_64
# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：centos7.6，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。

查看导入后镜像信息

cobbler distro report --name=centos7.6-x86_64
Name                           : centos7.6-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos7.6-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

查看profile信息

cobbler profile report --name=centos7.6-x86_64
Name                           : centos7.6-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos7.6-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

copy一份profile文件(ks)，进行修改

cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

ls
default.ks        legacy.ks            sample_esx4.ks   sample.ks
esxi4-ks.cfg      pxerescue.ks         sample_esxi4.ks  sample_old.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg      sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi5.ks  sample.seed
install_profiles  sample_end.ks        sample_esxi6.ks  sample.seed.28

cp sample_end.ks centos7.ks

vim centos7.ks

动态编辑指定使用新的kickstart文件

cobbler profile edit --name=centos7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

验证是否更改成功

cobbler profile report --name=centos7.6-x86_64 |grep kickstart
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

再次同步cobbler配置
cobbler sync

新建虚拟机进行测试
说明：在client端系统安装时，可以在cobbler服务端上查看日志/var/log/messages，观察安装的每一个流程，可以清晰的看到，服务器的IP给了哪个MAC地址。
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 这个文件专门记录了DHCP的分配情况

cobbler Web管理界面配置

web界面有很多功能，包括上传镜像、编辑kickstart、等等很多在命令行操作的都可以在web界面直接操作。
在上面已经安装了cobbler-web软件，访问地址：https://IP/cobbler_web 即可。默认账号为cobbler，密码也为cobbler

修改密码

Web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.conf

用于web访问的用户名密码

cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3

设置密码，在Cobbler组添加cobbler用户，输入2遍密码确认

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler
New password: superman
Re-type new password: superman

同步配置并重启httpd、cobbler

cobbler sync
systemctl restart httpd
systemctl restart cobblerd