Maven进阶笔记

适用人群

  • 对maven有一些基本的概念，会一些日常的操作
  • 希望深入了解maven的概念和机制，解释一些底层的细节

生命周期、阶段、插件、目标

  • mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package

    • 执行clean生命周期中clean阶段之前(包括)所有的阶段
    • 执行 dependency插件copy-dependencies这个目标
    • 执行default生命周期中package阶段之前(包括)所有的阶段

  • clean

    <phases>
    <phase>pre-clean</phase>
    <phase>clean</phase>
    <phase>post-clean</phase>
 </phases>
<default-phases>
    <clean>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean
    </clean>
</default-phases>

  • default

      <phases>
    <phase>validate</phase>
    <phase>initialize</phase>
    <phase>generate-sources</phase>
    <phase>process-sources</phase>
    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
    <phase>process-resources</phase>
    <phase>compile</phase>
    <phase>process-classes</phase>
    <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
    <phase>process-test-sources</phase>
    <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
    <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
    <phase>test-compile</phase>
    <phase>process-test-classes</phase>
    <phase>test</phase>
    <phase>prepare-package</phase>
    <phase>package</phase>
    <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
    <phase>integration-test</phase>
    <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
    <phase>verify</phase>
    <phase>install</phase>
    <phase>deploy</phase>
</phases>

  • site

    <phases>
    <phase>pre-site</phase>
    <phase>site</phase>
    <phase>post-site</phase>
    <phase>site-deploy</phase>
</phases>
<default-phases>
    <site>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:site
    </site>
    <site-deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:deploy
    </site-deploy>
</default-phases>

不同打包类型绑定的阶段、插件和目标

  • pom

    <phases>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

  • jar

    <phases>
    <process-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources
    </process-resources>
    <compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile
    </compile>
    <process-test-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources
    </process-test-resources>
    <test-compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile
    </test-compile>
    <test>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test
    </test>
    <package>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar
    </package>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

  • war

    <phases>
    <process-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources
    </process-resources>
    <compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile
    </compile>
    <process-test-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources
    </process-test-resources>
    <test-compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile
    </test-compile>
    <test>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test
    </test>
    <package>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.2:war
    </package>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

POM(Project Object Model)

  • Super POM

    • 位置 $MAVEN_HOME/lib/maven-model-builder-x.y.z.jar!/org/apache/maven/model/pom-4.0.0.xml
    <project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<repositories>
  <repository>
    <id>central</id>
    <name>Central Repository</name>
    <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    <layout>default</layout>
    <snapshots>
      <enabled>false</enabled>
    </snapshots>
  </repository>
</repositories>

<pluginRepositories>
  <pluginRepository>
    <id>central</id>
    <name>Central Repository</name>
    <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    <layout>default</layout>
    <snapshots>
      <enabled>false</enabled>
    </snapshots>
    <releases>
      <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
    </releases>
  </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

<build>
  <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
  <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
  <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
  <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
  <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
  <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
  <resources>
    <resource>
      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
    </resource>
  </resources>
  <testResources>
    <testResource>
      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
    </testResource>
  </testResources>
  <pluginManagement>
    <!-- NOTE: These plugins will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
    <!-- They are kept for the moment as they are very unlikely to conflict with lifecycle mappings (MNG-4453) -->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.3</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </pluginManagement>
</build>

<reporting>
  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
</reporting>

<profiles>
  <!-- NOTE: The release profile will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
  <profile>
    <id>release-profile</id>

    <activation>
      <property>
        <name>performRelease</name>
        <value>true</value>
      </property>
    </activation>

    <build>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>attach-sources</id>
              <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>attach-javadocs</id>
              <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </build>
  </profile>
</profiles>

</project>
    • 继承和聚合
    <project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
    <parent>
          <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
          <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
          <version>1</version>
    </parent>
   
    <artifactId>my-module</artifactId>
</project>

    <project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
   
    <modules>
          <module>my-module</module>
    </modules>
</project>

  • 内置properties

value evaluation result common examples
project.* POM content(参考 Super POM) {project.version}<br>{project.build.finalName}
{project.artifactId} <br>{project.build.directory}
project.basedir the directory containing the pom.xml file ${project.basedir}
project.baseUri the directory containing the pom.xml file as URI ${project.baseUri}
build.timestamp
maven.build.timestamp		 the UTC timestamp of build start, in yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z' default format, which can be overridden with maven.build.timestamp.format POM property ${maven.build.timestamp}
* user properties, set from CLI with -Dproperty=value ${skipTests}
* model properties, such as project properties set in the pom ${any.key}
maven.home The path to the current Maven home. ${maven.home}
maven.version The version number of the current Maven execution (since 3.0.4). For example, "3.0.5". ${maven.version}
maven.build.version The full build version of the current Maven execution (since 3.0.4). For example, "Apache Maven 3.2.2 (r01de14724cdef164cd33c7c8c2fe155faf9602da; 2013-02-19T14:51:28+01:00)". ${maven.build.version}
maven.repo.local The repository on the local machine Maven shall use to store installed and downloaded artifacts (POMs, JARs, etc). ${user.home}/.m2/repository
* Java system properties(see JDK reference) {user.home} <br>{java.home}
env.*
*		 environment variables ${env.PATH}
settings.* Local user settings (see settings reference) ${settings.localRepository}

依赖管理

  • 解决依赖冲突，最近原则

    • D 1.0 生肖
      A
├── B
│   └── C
│       └── D 2.0
└── E
    └── D 1.0
    • D 3.0 生效
      A
├── B
│   └── C
│       └── D 2.0
├── E
│   └── D 1.0
│
└── D 3.0    
│
└── D 4.0

  • scope

    • compile 默认类型 参与所有机制

    • provided 代表由环境提供，不用在打包时包含

    • runtime 只在运行时需要，不参与编译

    • test 只在测试代码中需要

    • system 类似provided 不从maven仓库拿包，从系统路径拿包

    • import 特殊类型，只导入dependencyManagement

    • 不同类型的生效关系

    scope\生效阶段 编译时 测试 运行时 传递依赖
    compile ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
    provided ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕
    runtime ✕ ✓ ✓ ✓
    test ✕ ✓ ✕ ✕
    system ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕
    • 上层依赖scope与传递依赖冲突时的判定
    上层scope\传递依赖 compile provided runtime test
    compile compile - runtime -
    provided provided - provided -
    runtime runtime - runtime -
    test test - test -

  • type

    • pom
    • jar
    • maven-plugin
    • ebb
    • war
    • ear
    • rar
    • java-source
    • javadoc
    • ejb-client
    • test-jar

  • classifier

    • sources
    • javadoc
    • client
    • tests

  • 最小粒度依赖 {groupId, artifactId, type, classifier}

  • 默认依赖 {groupId, artifactId, 'jar', null}

  • 阻止传递依赖

    • 被动: optional B->C(optional) A->B-✕(C)
    • 主动: exclusion

仓库配置

  • 仓库加载顺序

    • $maven_home/conf/settings.xml
    • $user_home/.m2/settings.xml
    • local pom
    • parent pom
    • super pom
    • dependency pom

  • 镜像，替换某个(某些)仓库

    • 替换中央仓库(mirrorOf)
  <mirrors>
    <mirror>
      <id>other-mirror</id>
      <name>Other Mirror Repository</name>
      <url>https://other-mirror.repo.other-company.com/maven2</url>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>
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