【New words and expressions】(12)
★entitle vt.以……为名,取名，给……题名, 给……称号；v. 授权, 授权
entitle + 宾语+sth. 给……题名为……
The writer hasn’tentitled his new book yet.
The book wasentitled The Sun Also Rises.
call sb. sth. name sb. sth.
★calm v.使镇定 calm down 镇定下来
★nerve n.神经mental disorder 神经病
lose one'snerve 失去勇气
nervous adj.神经紧张的
★concentration n.集中，专心
concentrate v.专心
concentrate ondoing sth. 集中精力做某事
★suffer ① vi. 受痛苦，爱苦难；患病
During this time,my wife suffered terribly.
What is the patientsuffering from?
② vt. 遭受(痛苦、损害等)
The villagesuffered serious damage from the floods.
★temper n.脾气
keep one's temper 别发火lose one'stemper 发火
名词 + ed 为形容词：
hot-tempered 脾气火爆 ；good-tempered 好脾气的 ；bad-tempered 坏脾气的
★appetite n.胃口，食欲
appetite forsth. 关于……的食欲(appetite 表示的胃口仅对食物而言)
I have goodappetite for the ice cream. 我很想吃冰淇淋 to one's taste 对某人的胃口
This book is not tomy taste.
★produce v.拿出produce=take
★urge v.力劝，怂恿
urge sb. to dosth. 怂恿某人做……
persuade sb. to dosth. 说服/劝说某人做某事
★satisfaction n. 满意，满足
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
★delighted adj.感到高兴的，欣喜的
delight n.欣喜，高兴delight +人 让某人高兴
glad/happy/pleased 感到高兴的
glad 是一种客套的话Gladto hear that.
happy 是相对稳定的一种快乐Heis a happy man.
pleased 高兴的，含有很满足的概念I'm pleased.
delighted 突如其来的事让人感到的开心
【课文讲解】
1、Afterreading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigaretteto calm my nerves.
an articleentitled 题名为……的文章
英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。
lit (light，light) v.点燃I lit acigarette.
lighted adj.被点燃的This is a lighted cigarette.
2、My friendskept on offering cigarettes and cigars.
keep on doing sth.
= continue doing sth. 持续不断做
cigar n.雪茄offer sb. sth. 给某人某物
3、They made noeffort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from mypocket.
make every effort 尽全力，尽一切努力
He made everyeffort to get/at getting the job.
make no effort 根本不作努力，毫不费力
She wrote theletter with/without effort. 她费力/毫不费力地写了那封信。
make effort + to dosth. 努力做……
no matter when =whenever 无论何时
4、When my oldfriend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
was more than Icould bear = I couldn't bear
more than后面跟从句或形容词时可以表示“超出”(多用于口语)：He was more than pleased with his new room. /This was more than Ihad expectd.
5、Anyway, asBrian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.
anyway 不管如何Anyway I love him.
Thank you anyway.
point out =explain 指出，指明
【Special
Difficulties】
与 keep 有关的短语动词
keep on +doingsth. 反复，持续
My friends kept onoffering me cigarettes.
keep off 不靠近，从……离开
Keep off the flowerbed. 请勿进入花坛。
Keep your hands offthe food. 别动吃的东西。
keep away from (使……)不靠近，避开
Keep the children
away from the river. 别让孩子们去河边。
keep it up 不松劲，保持成绩，继续下去
You've made much
progress. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大进步。继续努力！
keep up with 跟上，不落在……后面
keep out (使)留在外面，(使)不进入
He shut all the
doors and windows to keep out the wind. 为了挡风，他关上了所有的门窗。
16,000-volt powerline. Keep out! 16,000伏高压线，不可靠近！
keep in 把……)留在里面／关在屋里，不出外
It's very cold today.We'd better keep in.
Lesson 79 By air
【New words and expressions】(6)
★plant ① vt. 种植；在……内种植
They planted grassseed on the desolate hills.
② vt. 放置，安置；布置
On that day manypolicemen were planted along the main street.
【课文讲解】
1、A flightattendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience.
take charge(of)… 照顾……，接管，开始管理
She took charge of the child after hisparents died.
2、I am used to travelling by air and only onone occasion have I ever felt frightened.
倒装句，倒装句的结构为“副词+助动词(be，do，have，can，must等)+主语 +句子的其余部分”。
用倒装句的情况：
①句首为否定或近似否定的副词(never，rarely，little，on no occasion，hardly，no sooner…that等)：
Never has he got somany letters.
On no occasion mustyou accept any money if he offers it.
②句首为only构成的词组(如only after，only
then等)：Only then did I realize
what a mistake I have made.如果only 加上状语放在句首，那么就要用倒装语序。即把肯定句语序变成一般疑问句语序。
It is only inrecent years that it gained bad reputation. 强调句型Only in recent years did the tree gain bad reputation. 倒装句也表示强调
be used to doingsth. 习惯于做某事
3、After takingoff, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the planesuddenly turned round and flew back to the airport.
take off 起飞
gain height(飞机)增加高度，爬高(gain vt. 增加)
The car gained speed when it was outside thetown.
touch down (飞机)着陆，降落
4、Everybody on board was worried and we werecurious to find out what had happened.
on board 在…(如飞机)上，搭乘(船飞机、火车、汽车等)Tomhas never been on board a plane before.
【Special Difficulties】
与take有关的短语动词
take off①脱下(衣服、鞋子等)
②(飞机)起飞，(鸟)飞起.
③(嘲弄地)模仿(口语)
He is always takinghis teacher off.
=He is alwaysmaking fun of him by imitating him.
take after (长相、性格等)像(父母等)Jane isn’t easy to get along with. Shetakes after her mother.
take up ①占(时间、地点等)
Your books have taken up too much space.
②开始(从事、产生兴趣等)
He has taken up French.=He has begun to learn French.
take to 养成……的习惯，开始沉缅于(后跟名词或动名词) When did he take to drinking/smoking?
take in 欺骗(口语，常用被动语态)
take down 写下，记下
The reporter took down everything I said.
take over 接收，接管
Lesson80 The Crystal Palace
【New words and expressions】(10)
★profit ① n. 利润，赢利；得益
The profits fromthe exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.
② vi. 获益，得益；获利Ihave profited much from your advice/this book/ living abroad.
【课文讲解】
1、Perhaps themost extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace,which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.
the GreatExhibition 世界博览会
2、The CrystalPalace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made ofiron and glass. be different from… 与……不同
be made of… 用……制造(没有发生化学变化)
3、It was oneof the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countriescame to see it.
of all time 空前的，有史以来(常与形容词最高级连用表范围)He is one of the greatest men of all time.
“one of =最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
Yesterday was one of the hottest days of theyear.
4、There wasalso a great deal of machinery on display. machinery n.机器，机械装置(集合名词，与单数动词搭配)某个具体的机器可用machine或者a
piece of machinery来表示：This is a wonderful piece ofmachinery/a wonderful machine.
on display = onshow 展出，陈列
Shall we put all these flowers ondisplay/show?
5、It remainedone of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.
remain在这里为系动词，表示“保持不变，仍然”(后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词等)
Why did you remain silent/quiet at the dinnerparty? They all remained standing while the manager talked.
【Special Difficulties】
带on的短语：
ondisplay/show 展出，陈列
on business 因公(与for pleasure相对)
on foot 步行(与by bus，by car，by air等相对)
on duty 值班，值班的
on the whole 总的看来，总的来说，大体上
on fire 起火，着火 on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地(与by chance相对)
on the average 平均，通常
on any account无论如何，不管怎么说(通常用否定句)Do not interrupt him on any account.
on second thought(s)经重新考虑后(thought用单数或复数均可) I intended to go to the party, but on second thought(s), I decidedto stay at home.
Lesson81 Escape
【New words and expressions】(14)
★march v.行进
① v.(部队)行军，行进
② v.(威风凛凛/从容不迫地)走，迅速地走
Jane marched out ofthe room without saying a word.
【课文讲解】
1、When he hadkilled the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
the prisoner ofwar 战俘(缩写为POW)
2、Workingrapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. changeinto 换(衣)
3、The officersgot out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
stand at/toattention 立正
【Letter
Writing】
结束语Pleasegive my love/regards to…
I hope you feelbetter soon.
【Special Difficulties】
Cloth，Clothes andClothing
cloth ① n. 布，布料(不可数名词)
There’s enoughcloth for a skirt.
Do you think thecloth will wear well? 你认为这布料会耐穿吗？
② n.抹布，桌布(可数Wipe up the mess with a cloth.
clothes n.衣服，服装(后面动词用复数形式)
clothing n.服装的总称(不可数名词，包括衣服、鞋、帽等)He still needs some winter clothing.
Salute and Greet
salute v.行军礼，(向……)敬礼
The guard saluted as the officers passed.
The guard saluted the officers.
greet v.打招呼，欢迎，迎接
He greeted Dan with a nod.
Clear and Clean
clear ① adj. 清澈的，明亮的，晴朗的 Seeing that it was a clear day, he drove tothe countryside.
② adj. 清楚的，明确的，明了的
I want to make it clear that I’m not payingthe bill.
③ adj. 畅通的，无障碍的，无危险的
You can drive fast only when you are on aclear road.
clean① adj. 干净的These cupsare not very clean.
② adj. 无污点的，无犯罪历史的He has a clean record. 他一贯表现很好(没有前科)。
【New words and expressions】(7)
★claim ① vt. &vi.(对……)提出要求，认领，索取Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?
② vt. 声称,断言
They claim to haveseen monsters in the sea.
【课文讲解】
1、Fishermen andsailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
to have seen是不定式的完成式。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况，常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词之后(这些动词常用被动语态)：
I’m sorry to have taken up so much of yourtime.
I meant/intended to have invited him, but Iforgot to do so.我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。(相当于将来完成时)
2、Thoughpeople have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that manyof these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. at times 有时，偶尔
3、Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed tothe shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.
out at sea 在远海，在外海
4、Realizing
that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage
it in any way. no的否定意味比not (a/an)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后)
They are no friends
of ours. 他们根本不是我们的朋友。This is no easy work.这绝对不是件容易干的活。
5、Suchcreatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of sixhundred feet.
creature指包含人在内的“生物，动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情，多用于指女性：
The poor creaturehas suffered a lot during that time.
【Letter Writing】
结束语：
I shall be looking
forward to hearing from/seeing you soon.、I hope you will soon settle down inyour (new job, school, etc.).
【Special Difficulties】
Laugh and Laugh at
laugh v.笑 Everybody laughed when the circus clown madehis appearance.
laugh at 嘲笑……
Wash and Wash up
wash ① v. 洗，洗涤 wash oneself 洗澡
② v. 冲走，卷走. Thelittle wooden house was washed away by the floods.
wash up ① v. 洗餐具
② v. 把……冲上岸The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.
Lesson83 After the elections
【New words and expressions】(9)
★ex- prefix(前缀，用于名词前)前……(相当于former)ex-husband 前夫 ex-wife 前妻；ex-manager 前任经理；
★suspicious ① adj. 猜疑的，认为可疑的，对……起疑心的，多疑的Customs officers are suspicious of nervous-looking travelers.
② adj. 可疑的，令人起疑的
You get a lot ofsuspicious-looking people in this bar.
【课文讲解】
1、After theelections
the elections大选(英文中election常用复数，后接表复数的动词，指全国性选举；一般选举用单数)
He hopes to defeat his rival in next year’selections.
2、The formerPrime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections.
former adj.以前的，从前的，前任的(后跟名词)
Yesterday, he received a letter from hisformer wife/English teacher. Prime Minister 首相
3、Though a littlesuspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer.
这是一个让步状语从句。如果从句的主语和主句的相同而谓语带系动词be，则主语+be可省略；但原因状语从句的省略形式要带分词being：
If possible, please let me know by thisevening.
Being worried about his child, he walked upand down in the room.
4、This time,the policeman lost his temper.
lost histemper 发脾气
【Letter Writing】
结束语：
I am very sorry forall the trouble this has caused you. I wish you good luck/every success in…
【Special Difficulties】
Temper and Mood
temper ① n. 脾气，性情
This time, the policeman lost his temper.
Whatever happens, remember to keep ourtemper.
My sister is of a calm/quick temper. 我姐姐/妹妹性情平和/脾气急躁。
The boss is in a temper today.老板今天脾气不好。
② n. 心情，情绪(与mood同义)
That morning he was in a good mood/temper.
mood n.心情，情绪；有意/想要(做某事)(不能用temper)
When he is in a badtemper, he gets angry easily. But when he is in a bad mood, he likes to sitalone. (bad mood和bad temper稍有区别)当他脾气不好时，他很容易生气。但当他心情不好时，他喜欢独自坐着。At thattime I was not in the mood for talking/to talk. (不能用temper)
Although Jeremy is well-known for his greatsense of humour, he is in no mood for telling funny stories today. (不能用temper)
Lesson84 On strike
【New words and expressions】(11)
★relieve ① vt. 缓解，减轻
This will relievepressure on the trains to some extent.
This medicine hasrelieved my toothache.
② vt. 使……宽心/宽慰，松一口气
He was muchrelieved to hear that the operation had been successful.
★volunteer ① vt. &vi. 自愿，自动提出，自愿提供
Some collegestudents have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts.
After the fire,many people volunteered their services.
Frank hasvolunteered for the army.
② n. 自愿参加者，志愿者
Are there anyvolunteers for a try?
★Press n.新闻界(集合名词)The
press is/are waiting to see the president.记者们在等着见总统。
【课文讲解】
1、Busmen havedecided to go on strike next week.
go on strike 举行罢工on strike 罢工
2、The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.
due adj.预定的，约定的
be due to dosth. 定于(某时做某事)
The plane is due (to arrive) in London at 9o’clock.
be due to +n. 由于……，因为……
Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.
3、Many ownersof private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work.
free ride 免费乘车
4、This willrelieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
to some extent =toa certain extent 在某种程度上
5、Only one ortwo people have objected that the students will drive too fast!
object that… 提出异议，反对
They objected thatthe book was too difficult for them.
object to 名词/动名词 反对，不喜欢，不赞成
A lot of people object to smoking in publicplaces.
【Special
Difficulties】
it作先行宾语
在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语的句中，用it作先行宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或从句：
常用动词有：find，think，consider，feel，make，keep等：She feltit right for them to arrest the thief.
Lesson 85 Never too old to learn
【New words and expressions】(14)
★inform ① vt. 通知，告知
inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人……
inform that… 通知…… he was informed that he would receive anextra thousand pounds a year.
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事tellsb. that 告诉某人……
② vi. 告发，检举(与against/on连用)
He used to informagainst his classmates.
Several people haveinformed on him.
★devote v.致力于
devote to +doing 致力于……(to 是介词)
I devote myself toteaching.
object to + doingsth.
★farewell n.告别，再见；adj. 告别(比goodbye更正式)Farewell! 再会！一路平安！
When Frank retired, they held a farewellparty.
★honour n.敬意
guard of honour 仪仗队
in one'shonour 为纪念某人，对某人表示尊重
We will give him adinner in his honour.
It's myhonour. 是我的荣幸
It's my honour todo sth. 做某件事情是我的荣幸
It's my honour totalk with you.
I'm honoured to dosth. 我感到荣幸
I'm honoured totalk with you.
【课文讲解】
1、I have justreceived a letter from my old school, informing me that my former headmaster,Mr. Stuart Page, will be retiring next week.
former adj.前任的，以前的
2、Pupils ofthe school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion.
student 通指所有的学生；pupil指中小学的学生
mark the occasion 纪念这一时候
mark n.标记；v. 做标记，给……作记号/留痕迹；纪念He marked all the foods which wereforbidden with a red pencil.
send sb. sth. 送某人……
3、All thosewho have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large albumwhich will be sent to the headmaster's home.
contributetowards/to sth. 为……捐款，提供给……
Before his death, he contributed a large sumof money to the church.
all those who …will do sth. 所有那些人都……
All those who wantto go on an excursion will sign their names. 想去郊游的人签名
present和gift都表示“礼物，赠品”，但gift相对要正式些 He made a gift of $60,000 tohis old school.
4、We shall allremember Mr. Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindlyencouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school.
remember sb. forsth. 因为……记住某人，记得……的……be willing to do sth. 心甘情愿做某事
We shall allremember him for his hard work
5、A great manyformer pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday.
in one’s honour =in honour of sb. 为向……表示敬意，为纪念某人Many people attended the party in honour of the new manager.
6、It is a curious coincidence that the daybefore his retirement, Mr. Page will have been teaching for a total of fortyyears.
It’s is a curiouscoincidence that… 纯属巧合，……真是奇异的巧合
the day before 前一天 ；two days before 前两天
a total of 总共The money she spent on the dinnerparty reached a total of $200.
7、After he hasretired, he will devote himself to gardening. devote oneself to… 致力于……，献身于，专心于(to为介词，后跟名词或动名词)
8、For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.
entirely =completely 完完全全地
9、But thisdoes not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn.
as +从句正如…As you
know, 正如你所知道的……
【Letter Writing】
一封信的结尾：
I am lookingforward to seeing you soon.
Bestregards,
Tom
可以用Best
wishes，Yours或Love结尾。
签名必须清楚，必须落在信末尾的下面。如信写完后还想作些补充，可以写在签名下面。在所写的附言之前必须加上P.S.两个字母，这是“又及”的意思。
【Special Difficulties】
Too and Enough
too adv.太，过分enough adv.足够，十分
too和enough都可作程度副词，但too通常位于它所修饰的形容词/分词之前，enough则位于它所修饰的词之后。在含有不定式的句型里，too经常具有否定的含义，enough则表示达到必要的程度：
He is too heavy for me to lift.
The pear is ripe enough for me to eat.
Lesson 86 Out of control
【New words and expressions】(11)
★swing ① vt. &vi.(使……)摆动/摇动
She tried to swingthe baby to sleep.
② vt. &vi. 突然转向，使……转向/转身
He swung round andlooked at the two men.
【课文讲解】
1、Out ofcontrol
out of 失去，欠缺We are out of bread.
The plane got outof control and crashed in the mountains.
2、As the mantried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands.
come away 脱落，离开，脱离，脱开
When I tried tolift the suitcase, the handle came away.
3、On thisoccasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. on this occasion 这一次
4、The petrolhad nearly all been used up.
use up 耗尽，用光，用完
up表示“彻底地，完全地”，也可与其他一些动词连用：The child soon ate up the cake.
She burned up all his letters.
Can you read up the book in two hours?
5、Before long,the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across thewater.
drop vi.减少，变弱，消失
We had to stay athome before the wind had dropped.
【Special Difficulties】
Enough and Fairly
enough表“足够”，在形容词或副词后，有“为了某种目的”的含义I’m old enough to know I’m doing.
fairly表示“相当”，通常修饰表示肯定意义的词：
The water in the pool is fairly warm, but notwarm enough to swim in.
Lesson87 Aperfect alibi
【New words and expressions】(7)
★alibi n.不在犯罪现场，不在场证明，当时不在场的申辩(不可数名词)
Ian had analibi/alibis for that morning.
★commit ① vt. 犯(罪)，做(错事、坏事等)
A murder wascommitted at 8 o’clock this morning.
② vt. 承诺，使承担义务，卷入(经常与反身代词连用)You should know each other better before committing yourselves tomarriage.
★confirm ① vt. 证实，确定
My employer willconfirm that I was there on time.
② vt. 巩固，加强
What he saw andheard that night confirmed his belief that the pub was haunted.
【课文讲解】
1、And you didn'tnotice anything unusual?
这是一个陈述疑问句，如：You’re out of work?
不定代词anything，something等被形容词修饰时，形容词必须跟在不定代词之后：
2、I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you arenot telling the truth. I suggest (that)… 依我看……，恐怕…… I suggestthat the car crash was not accidental.
3、You see, onthe morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all.
you see在口语中经常作为插入语出现，句首、句中或句尾均可以，表示“你知道，事实上”等含义：
He was not really interested in film, yousee.
run指火车、公共汽车、船等“定时/定期行驶(在两地间)往来”This ship runs between Dover and Calais.
【New words and expressions】(12)
★collapse ① vi. 倒塌
If explosives areused, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.
② vi.(因精疲力竭)倒下；(身体等)垮掉
After many years’hard work, her health collapsed.
【课文讲解】
1、However,rescue operations are proving difficult.
rescue operations 营救工作
prove vt. 证明是，结果是Whathe said proved false.
2、Rescueworkers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
therefore adv. 因此，所以(可独立使用，也可位于动词前) His parents gave him somemoney, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
so conj.所以，因此(不能放在动词前)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
3、As it is,they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
as it is =as itwas 事实上，实际上I thought they would help us. Asit was, they just sat there and looked on.
4、Meanwhile, a microphone, which was loweredinto the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with theirclosest relatives.
enable vt.使……能够
The hubble telescope will enable us to have abetter understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.
前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger(危及，使遭受危险)，enlarge(扩大，扩展，扩充)，enslave(奴役，使成为奴隶)，entrap(使…入陷阱/圈套，欺骗)
keep in touch with 与…保持联系(可以用stay，get等其他动词)
Georgeis in close touch with Ian.
Can you get in touch with the company?
5、Though theyare running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that theywill get out soon. run out of 用完，用尽
6、If they knewhow difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
lose heart 失望，丧失信心/勇气，泄气，灰心
【Special Difficulties】
与run有关的短语
run out of 用完，耗尽He has run out of money.
run after 追赶，追逐Seeing that his sister wasannoyed, he ran after her to apologize.
run over 在……驶过/辗过
run in 试车，试转(发动机等)
John is running his new car in.
run into 偶然碰见
He ran into Sterlings while travelling inItaly.
Lesson89 Aslip of the tongue
【New words and expressions】(7)
★slip n.小错误，失误，疏漏
You’ve made someslips (of the pen) in your report.
【课文讲解】
1、A slip ofthe tongue
a slip of thetongue 口误，说走了嘴，失言
Are you sure that it was just a slip oftongue?
2、People willdo anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one.
anything用于肯定句时表示“不论什么，任何事情”，to see a free show表示目的，也可以用for +名词形式：He will do anything to save hischild’s life.
He will do anything for the child.
3、When thenews got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by theP. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
get round = getaround/about 四处传遍，(消息、谣言等)传开Bad news gets round quickly.
4、As soon as
he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. burst out 突然……起来(后面常接动名词，或in/into+名词)When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burstout crying.
【Special
Difficulties】
Free and Single
Free ① adj. 免费的，无偿的
She has got some free ticket to the comedyshow.
The people are free to choose who will governthem.
② adj. 自由的，没束缚的，不受控制的，空闲的
You are free to make your own decision.
single adj.单身的，独身的，未婚的
Are you married or single?
a single parent 单亲(独自养育儿女的父亲或母亲)
Queue and Row
Queue ① vi. 排队
She has to queue for the bus every morning.
② n.(按顺序等待的人、车等的)行列、队(通常为纵队)We’d better join the queue fortickets.
row n.(人或物的)一排、一行(通常为横的)
You can see me inthis photo, standing in the back row. Please put the desks in four rows.
Funny ① adj. 有趣的，滑稽的，逗人发笑的(与amusing同义)② adj. 反常的，古怪的，奇怪的(口语)This morning I saw her wearing a funny hat which looked like alighthouse.
Lesson 90 What's for supper?
【New words and expressions】(15)
★overfish v.过度捕捞
over 做前缀，表示“过度的”
overdressed 打扮的过了份 ；well-dressed 打扮的很好 I overcook the rice. 我把饭做糊了。
You overdidit. 你过分了。
★giant (= huge quantity) adj.巨大的
big/large/great/huge/immense/fantastic
tremendous adj.巨大的(大的让人不相信，惊讶)
enormous adj.巨大的(大的让人不相信，惊讶)
This is atremendous shoe.
giant n.巨人；adj. 像巨人一样的
★terrify v.吓，使恐怖
terrify/horrify 恐惧(主语是吓人者，宾语是被吓者)
The thief/robberterrified me.
fear/be afraidof 害怕……(主语是人)
frighten/scare 吓了一跳(主语是物，吓了一跳，但很快就恢复了平静，主语是吓人者，宾语是被吓者)
You frightenme. 你吓了我一跳
★wit n.(复数)理智，头脑
out of one'swits 吓个半死
The snake terrifiedme out of my wits.
Are you out of yourwits? 你疯了吗？
beat sb. to mummy 打个半死，失去理智，惊慌失措
★variety n.品种(品种的多样性)
variety show 综艺节目
various = all kindsof adj.各种各样的
★crew n.全体工作人员(指在飞机上或船上的工作人员)staff n.办公室的全体工作人员
crew 和staff 属于集合名词，可能单数，可能复数。
★special ① adj. 特殊的，特别的，独特的
He received specialcare while in Paris.
② adj. 专门的，特制的，专用的Specialcages are made to protect them from giant fish.
【课文讲解】
1、What's forsupper? /What's for breakfast?
I have eggs/nothingfor breakfast.
2、Fish andchips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have beenoverfished, fish has become more and more expensive.
fish and chips(鱼和炸土豆片，传统英国食物，是一道菜)被看作是一个整体，因此，虽然 chips 是复数形式，它后面却要跟动词的单数形式。
dish 在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：
I like Frenchdishes. 我喜欢(吃)法国菜。
Would you like asweet dish? 您要一盘甜食吗？
more and more 越来越……(多音节用more
and more 加原级) more and more interesting
I love you more andmore each day as time goes by.
随着时间的流逝我每一天越来越爱你。
fatter and fatter 越来越胖(单音节加er,用and 连接)
3、So it comesas a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Seaoil rigs.
it comes as a
surprise + to do sth. /that 某事令人惊讶
It comes as asurprise that it rains/snows.
It comes as a
surprise to have four lessons in three hours. 令人吃惊的表达：
①to one’s surprise
②The mostsurprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise ④What a surprise itis
⑤It comes as asurprise + to do sth. /that
4、Oil rigshave to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness ahundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fightbumping into them as they work.
bump into ①碰上，撞上Wandering
in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman. 。
②偶然遇见，碰见(多用于口语)
I bumped into Jane
at the conference. 我开会时碰...。
5、Now theyhave had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
protect sb. from +n. 保护……使之不受侵害(protect常与from或against连用)
6、The fish arenot sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skatewhich grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. not…but… 不是……而是……
eating adj.供食用的；宜生食的
favourite eating
variety 深受人们喜爱的食用的品种
These are eating
apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹饪用的grow to 长到
as much as 像……一样(最大限度)+ 数字
as much as fivemeters tall
as far as + 从句as far asI could get
长宽高深的表达方式
①数词 + 量词+adj. two feet deep
②数词 + 量词 + in + 名词
long - length；high -
height wide – width；deep - depth
two feet in depth
7、Threefactors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hotoil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by thecrews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
cause sb. to dosth. 导致……
grow + adj. 变得…… grow large
plentiful supplyof… ……的充足供应
throw sth.overboard = throw away 扔掉
throw the rubbishoverboard
total在这里表示“完全的，彻底的”(相当于complete)His letter is a total surpriseto her.
absence of 缺少，不存在
total absenceof… 完全没有……
total absence ofmind 心不在焉
The total absenceof mind caused him to fail the exam.
the total absenceof order… 没有秩序
8、As a result,the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water.
as a result =so 结果是，因此
as a result of =because of 因为……
As a result of hishard work, he succeeded.
【Special Difficulties】
被看作整体的、用and连接的两个名词
当主语是and连接的两个名词时，谓语通常用复数形式：An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.
有些名词由于常在一起连用，就把它们看成整体(或一个单位)，因而成了一种复合名词。它们不仅有固定的词序，且后面的谓语动词常用单数形式。这类复合名词有：bacon and eggs(咸肉和鸡蛋)，bread and butter(面包和黄油)，cheese and wine(奶酷和葡萄酒)，fish and chips(鱼和油炸土豆片)，a knife and fork(一副刀叉)，sausage(s) and mash(香肠和土豆泥)。通常被作为单数看待的有一道菜和一套东西。Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.
如把两名词看成是分开的东西，动词就要用复数：
Fish and chips make a good meal.
Lesson 91 Three men in a basket
【New words and expressions】(5)
★spy ① vi. 暗中监视；侦察(与on，upon连用)
I noticed somepolicemen spying on the foreign tourists.
② vt. 发现，看见He spieda stranger in his garden.
③ n. 间谍，密探
He was once a spyfor the police/British government.
【课文讲解】
1、A pilotnoticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Stationnearby.
seem to be doingsth. 似乎正在做……
She seems to be looking forsomebody/something.
make for 走向，飞向，向……前进
After leaving Calais, the ship made forDover.
2、He said thatsomeone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep trackof the strange object.
keep track of 跟踪，追踪，保持联系，记录(反义词为losetrack of) Keep track of the man wearing a grey hat. He looks suspicious to me.
3、He could make out three men in a basket underit and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars.
make out (勉强)看出，辨认出，听出
4、The police
were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two
Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! call in 召来
Sam has atemperature. We’d better call in a doctor.
【Special Difficulties】
与make连用的短语
make out ①写出，填写(=writeout) He made out a cheque of 1,000 dollars and gave it to the secretary.
②(勉强)看出，辨认出，听出，理解
Can you make out what they are talking about?
make up ①编造，捏造，虚构Every time he played truant, Tom would make up an excuse.
②(给……)化妆/化装
Making up takes up a lot of her time.
make up for 补偿，弥补
She managed to make up for her mistake.
make for(匆匆)走向，向……前进While the thief was making for his car,a policeman stopped him.
【New words and expressions】(5)
★tone ① n. 语气，口气，腔调
The policemananswered in a sarcastic tone.
② n. 语调，声调Youshould use the rising/falling tone at the end of this sentence.
③ n. 格调，风格，气氛Herdress has a bright tone.
【课文讲解】
1、Asking for
trouble 自找麻烦，自计苦吃(多口语)
2、I don'tthink the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.
有些动词如think，believe，expect，suppose等后接表示否定意思的宾语从句时，通常在主句中使用否定形式，但译成汉语时否定意义仍在宾语从句中。
need表示“需要”时，后面接动名词有被动的含义。
need cleaning = need to be cleaned
3、Iimmediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, 'I enjoy cleaningwindows at night.'
regret doingsth. 后悔做了……(对已发生的事情表示后悔)I regretted saying it almost at once.
regret to dosth. 遗憾……(对现在要发生的事表示抱歉) We regret to inform you that you needn’t come here next week.
remember/forget +todo sth. 指末来的动作
I remembered to post the letters我记着去邮信了。(没有忘记) I forgot to ask Tom. 我忘了去问汤姆。
remember/forget doing
sth. 指过去的动作(已发生过)I remember posting/having posted theletters.
Have you forgottenmeeting/having met her at a party?
你忘记了曾在一次聚会上见过她吗？
stop to dosth. 指目的
stop doingsth. 停下正在做的动作
【Special Difficulties】
用于并列补充句和反应句的so和neither/nor
so和neither/nor用于并列补充句和表示反应的句子时表示“也，同样”，so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句。它们后面跟的是省略形式的分句，只有助动词+主语，也可以是情态助动词+主语：
John can speak French and so can I.
I didn’t got to the meeting last night.
Neither/Nor did I.
Lesson93 Anoble gift
【New words and expressions】(13)
★support ① vt. 支持，支撑(某个具体东西)
Feeling weak, shesupported herself against a desk and rested for a short time.
② vt. 拥护，赞成，支持(人、想法等)
He made the rightdecision. Unfortunately, nobody supported him.
③ vt. 抚养，供养，赡养
My son can supporthimself now.
【课文讲解】
1、One of themost famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to theUnited States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.
the Statue ofLiberty 自由女神像
the people指某个国家的人民；指复数的“人们”时通常不加the:
A lot of /Few people went to their wedding.
2、Thefollowing year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. take…to pieces 把……拆卸开/拆散
3、By the end of October 1886, the statue hadbeen put together again and it was officially presented to the American peopleby Bartholdi.
put…together 把…装配起来take…to piece反义词)
4、Ever since then, the great monument has beena symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New YorkHarbour to make their homes in America.
ever sincethen 从那以后
make one’s homein… 在……安家落户
Ian (has) left England and made his home inChina.
【Special Difficulties】
同形不同音的词
许多词既可以作名词又可以作动作，但有些词为不同的词类使用时发音上，尤其是重音的位置会有变化，这些词有：
accent v.重读 n.重音，
conduct v.指挥；导电 n.行为，
conflict v.冲突 n.冲突，
contest v.争夺，竞争 n.比赛 ，
contrast v.形成对比 n.对比，
export v.输出，出口 n.出口，
increase v.增加 n.增加，
insult v.侮辱 n.侮辱，
present v. 赠送 n.礼物，
product v.生产 n.农产品，
protest v.抗议n. 抗议，
record v.记录，录音 n.记录，唱片，
refuse v.拒绝 n.垃圾，
transport v.运输，运送 n.运输
Lesson 94 Future champions
【New words and expressions】(9)
instruct ① vt. 指导，教，传授
Children can beinstructed in swimming at a very early age.
② vt. 批示，命令，吩咐
The doctorinstructed Jimmy to stay in bed for a week.
I’ve beeninstructed to give you this parcel.
★compete ① vi.比赛，对抗(与with或against连用)Duringthe singing contest, Mary competed with Helen for the first prize.
② vi. 匹敌，比得上，媲美(与with连用，多用于否定句)Hugh’s house can’t competewith yours.
【课文讲解】
1、At a specialswimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath underwater even before they can walk.
expert at/in doingsth. ……方面的专家，熟练者
hold one’sbreath 屏住呼吸
2、It is not long before they are so accustomedto swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool.
not longbefore 不久，很快
be accustomed ton./doing sth. 习惯的，适应了的
3、A game that is very popular with these youngswimmers is the underwater tricycle race.
be popularwith… 深受……的欢迎，为……所喜爱
4、Tricycles are lined up on the floor of thepool seven feet under water.
line up (使)排成行/排队
Line these chairs up, please.
5、Somechildren can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breatheven once.
come up forbreath 升上水面换气
6、Whether they
will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.倒装句，宾语从句置于句首，通常，以疑问词引导的宾语从句会用于这种句型：What made him do it, no one knows.
How they found out the truth, only George cantell.
Lesson95 Afantasy
【New words and expressions】(12)
★post v.派任
① vt. 派任，委派(与人连用)
Two months ago,Horst was posted to Paris.
② vt. 邮寄(与物连用，美语用mail)
He posted me aChristmas card last year.
★aim ① vt. &vi.(把……)瞄准/对准
He aimed a fireextinguisher at me.
② vi. 目标在于，志向
What he aims for is
money. 他追求的是金钱。
She aims to be apainter.
③ n. 目的，目标，志向
What is your aim inlife?
【课文讲解】
1、How did yourclothes get into such a mess?
get into amess 搞得这样糟
2、University
students set the Embassy on fire this morning. set…on fire放火，使……燃烧，放火烧……
3、The fire broke out in the basement.
break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发
4、Someonefired a shot through my office window.
Fire v.发射(枪、弹等)
When the prisoner of war tried to escape, aguard fired a gun at him.
He fired on theBritish Ambassador to Japan.
【New words and expressions】(3)
★drift ① vi. 漂流，漂移
Thousands oflanterns slowly drift out to sea.
The boat driftedgently across the water.
② vi. 漂泊，游荡
He has lost his joband just drifts in the city all day long./He drifted from France to Italy.
★guide ① vt. 给……领路
The old man guidedthe explorers through the forest.
② vt. 指导(……的行动)；影响(……的决策等)
We should be alwaysguided by truth.
【课文讲解】
1、A Festivalfor the Dead is held once a year in Japan.
The dead和the living均为“定冠词+形容词”结构，表示某类人。
2、As they areexpected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them.
lay out 摆放，展示，摆设，摊开Don’t lay out your clothes on thebed. Put them away.
3、All nightlong, people dance and sing.
all night long 整夜(long为副词，表示“整个，在整段期间中”，常与all连用) It snowedall day long.
4、Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to seaguiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. the other world 另一个世界，即阴间
the next world = the world to come 来世
