Renewable energy:

A world turned upside down| TE

New words/phrase

1. disrupt  v. ［VN］

: to cause (something) to be unable to continue in the normal way : to interrupt the normal progress or activity of (something)打扰，使中断，打乱

→ Wind and solar energy are disrupting (受影响) a century-old model of providing electricity.

e.g: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.示威者成功扰乱了会议。

Disruptive  adj.  causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally *e.g: She had a Disruptive influence on the rest of the class.

2.   Photovoltaic (PV)

: of, relating to, or utilizing the generation of a voltage when radiant energy falls on the boundary between dissimilar substances (as two different semiconductors)

PV

1.光伏

太阳能光伏（Photovoltaic）是利用太阳能电池直接将太阳能转换成电能的一个系统，将是长期解决能源不足的方法。

太阳光电

...根会议,虽然未能达成最后共识,但节能减碳的环保意识仍持续升温,并成为未来产业发展的重要圭臬,同时也让太阳光电(Photovoltaic),LED,电动车与智慧..

光生伏打

光伏在物理学上称为光生伏打(Photovoltaic)，简称PV，我们凡是所说的 太阳能发电往往指的就是太阳能光伏发电。

扩展延伸:

photovoltaic effect    光生伏打效应

photovoltaic cell   光电池；硒电池

3. Manure  n./v.

» n. ［U］the waste matter from animals that is spread ober or mixed with the soil to help plants and crops grow.

e.g: A green manure is a crop grown mainly to improve soil fertility. 种植绿肥作物主要是为使土壤更加肥沃。

SYN: dung   e.g: cow dung

» v.  ［VN］ to Put manure on or in soil to help plants grow 给...施肥

词汇扩充:

1. bacterial manure  细菌肥料

2. artificial manure 人造肥料

3. mineral manure 矿质肥料

4. green manure 绿肥

4. biogas n.

: a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic wastes and used as a fuel

1. biogas construction 沼气建设

2.biogas digester 沼气池

3. biogas residue 沼渣

4. biogas engineering

5. back up

① back up| back sth up 后退，倒退

②back sb/sth up : 支持，证实某人所言;  支援

e.g: I'll back you up. 我支持你          

back up one's opinion 支持某人的观点

③ back sth up 给(文件，程序等)做备份

» Back  与它的词组搭档们

名词时的搭档:

   ① At/in the back of your mind 在潜意识里

   ② The back of beyond 偏僻的地方，边缘地区

   ③Behind sb's back 私下:

e.g:  Have you been talking about me Behind my back？

    ④put your back into  全力以赴

    ⑤on the back of 由于(某项成就):

e.g: The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sale. 利润a增长来自26％的销售额增长

adj. 的搭档

   On the back burner 把主意，计划等暂时搁置

adv. 的搭档

    ①back and forth 反复来回 常与between 连用

   ② back in the Day 过去，从前，旧时

    ③back in the days 在过去的某个时候

V. 的搭档

    ①back away from sb/sth 躲避(可怕的人或事)

   ②back down on/from sth 放弃(别人强烈反对的要求)

e.g: She refused to back down on a point of principle. 她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。

6.  anathema n.

: someone or something that is very strongly disliked 可憎的事物或想法

e.g: Racial prejudice is an anathema to me.对我来说，种族歧视非常可恶。

7. marginal cost     边际成本

e.g: Marginal cost is the incremental on producing one more unite.

▩加深理解：在经济学和金融学中，边际成本指的是每一单位新增生产的产品(或者购买的产品)带来的总成本的增量。 这个概念表明每一单位的产品的成本与总产品量有关。比如，仅生产一辆汽车的成本是极其巨大的，而生产第101辆汽车的成本就低得多，而生产第10000辆汽车的成本就更低了(这是因为规模经济)。 但是，考虑到机会成本，随着生产量的增加，边际成本可能会增加。还是这个例子，生产新的一辆车时，所用的材料可能有更好的用处，所以要尽量用最少的材料生产出最多的车，这样才能提高边际收益。微观经济学理论认为，当产量增至边际成本等于边际收入时，为企业获得其最大利润的产量。

›边际成本=总成本的变化量/产量变化量

»随着产量(Output)的增加，边际成本会先减少，后增加

8. revenue :【UN 】[business] revenue is money that a company, an organization, or a government receives from people.

the income from taxes, licenses, etc., as of a city, state, or nation; the governmental service that collects certain taxes

Word origin of 'revenue'   →C16: from Old French, fromrevenirto return, from Latinrevenīre; seerevenant

▤Synonyms: income, interest, returns, profits

tax revenue 税收；赋税收入

sales revenue产品销售收入

revenue and expenditure收支

inland revenue税务局；税收；国内税收

fiscal revenue财政收入

e.g: In our example, if your costs up 50% with every doubling, when you hit 400 users, they’ll cost your $900 per year, butonly bring in half that inrevenue.

在我们的例子中，如果你有400个用户，每次将数据库扩大一倍成本只增加50%，那么你每年花费900美元，但收入却只有这个数字的一半。

→income : increases in economic benefits during the accountig period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in an increase in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.

e.g: You would retain the right to draw an income from the money.

9.  gult

noun.    【 countable noun】

: If  there is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.

 ▤Synonyms: surfeit, excess, surplus, plethora

e.g: There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.

verb

: If a marketis glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.

e.g: The region is glutted with hospitals.

 ▤ Synonyms: saturate, flood, choke, clog

10. saturate  v. → 从gult 的动词近义词中延伸出来的  浸透；使充满

① If people or thingssaturatea place or object, they fill it completely so that no more can be added.

e.g:  In the last days before the vote, both sides are saturating the airwaves(电视广播）.

② If someone or something is saturated, they become extremely wet.

e.g: If the filter has been saturated with motor oil, it should be discarded（丢弃的） and replaced.

11. push down  压制，遏制

e.g: When miners sell forward their production, they help push down prices.当矿商以远期方式销售产量时, 会有助于拉低金价.

12. grid  n.

① A grid is something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.

▤  Synonyms: network

②A grid is a network of wires and cables by which sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed throughout a country or area.

e.g: ...breakdowns in communications and electric power grids.

13.  intermittent  adj.  断断续续的

Something that is intermittent happens occasionally rather than continuously.

e.g: After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.

Synonyms: periodic, broken, occasional, recurring

SYNONYMY NOTE: intermittent, recurrent both apply to something that stops and starts, or disappears and reappears, from time to time, but the former usually stresses the breaks or pauses, and the latter, the repetition or return [an intermittent fever, recurrent attacks of the hives]; periodic refers to something that recurs at more or less regular intervals [periodic economic crises]; alternate is usually used of two recurrent things that follow each other in regular order [a life of alternate sorrow and joy]

Derived forms:

intermittenceor intermittency    n.

intermittently    adv.

e.g:  Boat users in the area say that the problem has been intermittent.

14.  hydroelectric   adj.   水力发电的

Hydroelectric means relating to or involving electricity made from the energy of running water.

 hydroelectric power   水力发电

Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricityiselectricity producedfromhydropower. In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of allrenewable electricity,[1]and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.

Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with theAsia-Pacificregion generating 33 percent of global hydropower in 2013.Chinais the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 920 TWh of production in 2013, representing 16.9 percent of domestic electricity use.

Hydroelectricity

15. shut out   排除，拒之门外

①  :  If you shut something or someone out, you prevent them from getting into a place, for example by closing the doors.

e.g: 'I shut him out of the bedroom,' says Maureen.

e.g: I was set to shut out anyone else who came knocking.

Synonyms: exclude, bar, keep out, black

② :   If youshut outathoughtor afeeling, you prevent yourself fromthinkingor feeling it.

e.g: I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.

e.g: The figures represent such overwhelming human misery that the mind wants to shut it out.

Synonyms: block out, screen, hide, cover

③ :  If you shut someone out of something, you prevent them from having anything to do with it.

e.g: She is very reclusive, to the point of shutting me out of her life.

e.g: They refused to allow Republicans to offer amendments, effectively shutting them out of the process.

16.  Drag .. down; pull .. down       把..向下拖

→ But the more renewable generators there are, the more they drag down prices.（压低价格）

①: To drag someone down means to reduce them to an inferior social status or to lower standards of behaviour.

e.g: She dragged him down with her.        她把他拉下了水。

②: Something that drags you down makes you feel weak or depressed.

e.g: That bout of flu dragged her down.       那一场流感把她弄得很虚弱。

17. penetration  n. 渗透    

→ The more successful you are in increasing renewable's penetration, the more expensive and less effective the policy become.

①Also called:market penetration

: the proportion of the total number of potential purchasers of a product or service who either are aware of its existence or actually buy it

e.g: Internet penetration runs at just under 76% of the 8m population.

②military: an offensive manoeuvre that breaks through an enemy's defensive position

18. the snake that eats its own tail, forever and ever. 出自《前目的地》

     蛇会一直吃自己的尾巴，一直一直。

→ Solar " cannibalises its own competitiveness away," Mr O'Sullivan says." It eats its tail."

19. cannibalises

① If you cannibalize something, you take it to pieces and use it to make something else.

e.g: They cannibalized damaged planes for the parts.  

②

If one of a company's products annibalizes the company's sales, People buy it instead of any of the company's other products. [ business]

e.g: A website need not cannibalise existing sales.

20. You are so yesterday.  你还是那么一如既往。

Day 9   mindmap

DAY 10  SUMMARY

1. mindmap 的思考

这一周的思维导图打破了我们之前一贯的思维定势。不再以时间轴或以文章的副标题为线来构造自己的思维导图。一开始做mindmap时，确实无从下手，...后来在看到Annie笃师的导图，发现自己是被局限了，从几个不变players发散思维，然后全文的逻辑也变得清晰了。所以说，当你现在一个坑中，长时间都走不来的时候，不妨想想那些站在原地不变的东西，你也许可以借助他们帮你爬出让你深陷其中的坑。

2. 对能源的考虑，在以煤炭作为主要能源的上世纪，工厂企业滥用煤矿发电，觉得那是取之不尽用之不竭的，不仅污染了水源，大气，直接影响了我们人类的正常出行(1952年伦敦毒雾霾事件还有更离我们近的北方雾霾天气)这些都促使了新能源的产生。

我们一直以为，开发出新能源，问题就迎刃而解了，但这篇文章却告诉了我们不一样的事实。问题就出在新能源被大力开发出来，且无污染，边际成本低，导致了过剩的开发，新能源的价格又被压的很低，传统能源市场缩水，投资减少，发展变缓。新能源还有一个缺点是它的不稳定性，而过剩的电能只能返还到电网，种种原因，最后的作为下游产业链的消费者只能接受昂贵的价格。

从补充阅读材料中我们也可以找到解决方法，就是需要我们不断提高能源的利用率，计划用电量，减少能源的浪费，对能源市场重组，并且要根据市场的供求来灵活调整市场价格。

以下是一些中国新能源市场的发展状况补充:

中国风能太阳能背后五个鲜为人知的故事。

http://m.bjx.com.cn/mnews/20160923/775438.shtml

可再生行业寒冬还是春天？