参考：无忧英语51talk梁颖老师的超实用语法20讲在线课程第13课
lesson 13 名词的用法
1.名词的用途
名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、周位语
the man is an agent. 主、表
the student took his bag. 主、宾
they made him a hero. 补
there is an apple tree. 定、表
this is peppa pig, my friend.同位语
2.名词的分类
普通名词：各种事物的非特指名称，如汤、河
专有名词：某人、地方、机构等的专有名称，如：罗宋汤、长江/黄河、节日、星期一至星期天、月份等
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Valentine's day, women's day, children's day, national day, the spring festival, Chrismas day, Mid-Autumn day,
普通名称分为：
可数名词：能以数目计算，可以分成个体；
I want a burger/ some burgers.
不可数名词：不能以数目计算，不可以分成个体；
I want a cup of tea/ some tea.
3.可数名词的复数
大于1就是复数
1.5 days
名词的复数变化规则
1)一般直接+s, 清辅音后读s，浊辅音后读z
desk desks, book books, dog dogs
2)发音的-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾+es
class classes, watch watches, box boxes
注意：如stomach stomachs(ch发k，直接+s)
3)辅音+y结尾，变y为i+es
story stories, party parties, family, families
注意：如day days, toy toys(元音+y结尾，直接+s)
4)-f/-fe结尾，有生命的通常变为v+es，无生命的通常不变直接+s
leaf leaves, thief thieves, life lives, wife wives, half halves, knife knives
无生命的如下：
roof roofs, proof proofs, safe safes, belief beliefs
5)真正以o结尾的+es,缩写的情形直接+s
tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes, veto vetoes
缩写的情形
kilo kilos (kilogram)
photo photos (photograph)
zoo zoos
6)单复数同型
口诀：中日瑞爱鹿和羊
chinese, Japanese, Swiss, deer, sheep
7)不规则变化
foot feet, datum data, phenomenon phenomenona, analysis analyses, basis bases, media medium
4.不可数名词
物质名词：smoke, milk, pork, sand, suger, rice, salt 烟、液体、颗粒、肉、调料等；
抽象免词：art, love, music, fruit, money, makeup
vegetable是可数名词，vegetables
不可数名词计量：量词 of 不可数名词
two cups of tea
six pieces/ slices of bread
three cans of tuna.
5.名词的所有格
1)‘s格，主要用于有生命的名词
the uncle cat's glasses.
the dog's food.
名词是复数，且是s结尾时直接+'
the sisters' story.
the twins' mother.
非名词复数，即使是s结尾，仍然+'s
Lucas's book.
分别所有时，都加's
A‘s, B's and C's dogs.
共同拥有时，最后一位加's
A, B and C's dog/dogs.
复杂情况
A's sister-in law's boyfriend.
tom and jerry's box.
my friends' dinner.
children's day
用于时间/计量单位等
Today's newspaper
yesterday's TV
10 mintues' break
ten miles' road
a ton's weight
two pounds' steak.
2)of格，主要用于无生命的名词
the title of the book
the growth of the number
the name of the song
the football team of our school
the logo of ADADIS
无生命的名词也可以用's格，只是一般不这么用。
the book's title
the song's name
