源码地址< https://github.com/rs/SDWebImage >
SDWebImage提供UIImageView的category,支持从远程服务器下载及缓存图片资源
SDWebImage功能:
- UIImageView的category增加了Web图片下载缓存操作
- 一个异步的图片加载器
- 一个异步的内存+磁盘缓存策略
- GIF图片支持
- 支持WebP格式的图片
- 后台图片解压缩处理
- 确保同一个URL地址不会被重复下载
- 确保一个假冒的URL地址不会被重复的请求
- 确保主线程不会被阻塞
- 使用GCD和ARC
- Arm64的支持
SDWebImageManager
可以通过SDWebImageManager去下载缓存图片,它将一个下载器(SDWebImageDownloader)和一个图片缓存器(SDImageCache)绑定在一起。经常会使用到的分类UIImageView+WebCache也是基于它实现的。下面是一个官方示例:
SDWebImageManager *manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager];
[manager downloadWithURL:imageURL
options:0
progress:nil
completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
if (image) {
// do something with image
}
}];
SDWebImageManager绑定的下载器和图片缓存器都是只读性质,先看看在SDWebImageManager.h文件里面的定义是如何
@interface SDWebImageManager : NSObject
@property (weak, nonatomic) id <SDWebImageManagerDelegate> delegate;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) SDImageCache *imageCache;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) SDWebImageDownloader *imageDownloader;
首先有一个delegate,其声明了两个可选的方法
//选择控制哪个image该被下载,当发现image不在cache中的时候
- (BOOL)imageManager:(SDWebImageManager *)imageManager shouldDownloadImageForURL:(NSURL *)imageURL;
//允许对图片下载完后并且在存入缓存和磁盘前进行转换
- (UIImage *)imageManager:(SDWebImageManager *)imageManager transformDownloadedImage:(UIImage *)image withURL:(NSURL *)imageURL;
接下来看看SDWebImageManager主要下载图片的方法,返回值是一个遵循SDWebImageOperation协议类型的值
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock;
progressBlock在图片正在下载的时候进行处理,completedBlock当图片下载完成后进行的处理。上面已经有个小例子,下面是block的声明
typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize);//声明在SDWebImageDownloader.h文件中
typedef void(^SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL);
剩余的方法可以一并看看
- (void)saveImageToCache:(UIImage *)image forURL:(NSURL *)url;//保存图片到cache
- (void)cancelAll;//取消所有操作
- (BOOL)isRunning;//检查是否有下载图片操作在运行
- (BOOL)cachedImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url;//检查图片是否在cache中
- (BOOL)diskImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url;//检查图片是否在磁盘中
//检查图片是否在cache中,检查结束后进行block操作
- (void)cachedImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
//检查图片是否在磁盘中,检查结束后进行block操作
- (void)diskImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
- (NSString *)cacheKeyForURL:(NSURL *)url;//根据url返回cache的key值
看完SDWebImageManager.h文件再看看SDWebImageManager.m文件里面一个遵循SDWebImageOperation协议的类SDWebImageCombinedOperation。
@interface SDWebImageCombinedOperation : NSObject <SDWebImageOperation>
//是否已经取消
@property (assign, nonatomic, getter = isCancelled) BOOL cancelled;
@property (copy, nonatomic) SDWebImageNoParamsBlock cancelBlock;
//真正用来控制下载的operation
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSOperation *cacheOperation;
@end
SDWebImageManager.m里面的大部分操作都是在下载图片的环节,通过SDImageCache和SDWebImageDownloader来实现。其它一些判断存在性的操作也很容易理解。
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) {
//默认情况下,当URL下载失败,该URL会被列入黑名单,库就不会再去尝试获取该URL,该标记用来禁用黑名单
SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0,
//默认情况下,图片下载是在UI交互的时候,该标记用来禁用这个情况,这样子下载会延迟到UIScrollView减速的时候
SDWebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1,
//该标记禁用磁盘缓存
SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2,
//该标记用来渐进式下载,如果浏览器一样,图片在下载过程中渐渐显示。默认情况下是下载完一次性显示
SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3,
//即使图片已经缓存,也期望进行HTTP响应cache control并且如果有需要的话从远程地址更新图片数据
//磁盘缓存将被NSURLCache处理而不是SDWebImage,因为SDWebImage会导致轻微的性能下载。
//该标记帮助处理在请求同样的URL后面改变的图片。如果缓存图片被刷新,则完成的block会使用缓存图片再调用一次
SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4,
//IOS4+,程序进入后台后仍然进行下载图片,请求系统给予额外的时间进行下载,如果请求超时了,操作就会被取消
SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5,
//通过设定NSMutableURLRequest.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = YES;来处理存储在NSHTTPCookieStore的cookies
SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6,
//该标记允许不受信任的SSL认证
SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7,
//默认情况下是按入队顺序下载,该标记可以让其优先下载
SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8
//默认情况下,占位图片在图片被加载时同时被加载,这个标记会让占位图片在图片加载完后再加载
SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9,
// 我们通常不调用动画图片的transformDownloadedImage代理方法,因为大多数转换代码可以使它变得糟糕。
// 使用这个标记则在任何情况下都进行转换。
SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10,
};
SDImageCache
SD的缓存机制。首先来看看SDImageCache.h里面的一些声明。
//定义Cache类型
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, SDImageCacheType) {
//不使用cache获得图片,依然会从web下载图片
SDImageCacheTypeNone,
//图片从disk获得
SDImageCacheTypeDisk,
//图片从Memory中获得
SDImageCacheTypeMemory
};
接下来是一些变量的声明
//这个变量默认值为YES,显示比较高质量的图片,但是会浪费比较多的内存,可以通过设置NO来缓解内存
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages;
//总共的内存允许图片的消耗值
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxMemoryCost;
//图片存活于内存的时间初始化的时候默认为一周
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxCacheAge;
//每次存储图片大小的限制
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger maxCacheSize;
看看SDImageCache的初始化
- (id)initWithNamespace:(NSString *)ns {
if ((self = [super init])) {
NSString *fullNamespace = [@"com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache." stringByAppendingString:ns];
// 初始化 PNG 的数据签名
kPNGSignatureData = [NSData dataWithBytes:kPNGSignatureBytes length:8];
// 创建IO队列
_ioQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.hackemist.SDWebImageCache", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//初始化清除缓存期限,默认一周
_maxCacheAge = kDefaultCacheMaxCacheAge;
// 初始化缓冲器
_memCache = [[NSCache alloc] init];
_memCache.name = fullNamespace;
// 初始化磁盘缓存
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
_diskCachePath = [paths[0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:fullNamespace];
// 设置显示高质量图片
_shouldDecompressImages = YES;
dispatch_sync(_ioQueue, ^{
_fileManager = [NSFileManager new];
});
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
// 订阅通知事件
//内存不足的时候清除缓存
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(clearMemory)
name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification
object:nil];
//期限到的时候清除缓存
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(cleanDisk)
name:UIApplicationWillTerminateNotification
object:nil];
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
selector:@selector(backgroundCleanDisk)
name:UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification
object:nil];
#endif
}
return self;}
SDImageCache中用来存储图片的方法:
- (void)storeImage:(UIImage *)image recalculateFromImage:(BOOL)recalculate imageData:(NSData *)imageData forKey:(NSString *)key toDisk:(BOOL)toDisk {
if (!image || !key) {
return;
}
//cost的值与maxCacheSize相关,如果大于这个值,则在缓存不足时会被清除
[self.memCache setObject:image forKey:key cost:image.size.height * image.size.width * image.scale * image.scale];
if (toDisk) {//图片是否存储到disk中
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
NSData *data = imageData;
if (image && (recalculate || !data)) {
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
BOOL imageIsPng = YES;
if ([imageData length] >= [kPNGSignatureData length]) {
imageIsPng = ImageDataHasPNGPreffix(imageData);
}
//根据图片格式,获取data数据
if (imageIsPng) {
data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
}
else {
data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, (CGFloat)1.0);
}
#else
data = [NSBitmapImageRep representationOfImageRepsInArray:image.representations usingType: NSJPEGFileType properties:nil];
#endif
}
if (data) {
if (![_fileManager fileExistsAtPath:_diskCachePath]) {
[_fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:_diskCachePath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL];
}
//存储路径和数据
[_fileManager createFileAtPath:[self defaultCachePathForKey:key] contents:data attributes:nil];
}
});
}
}
几个获取缓存和清除缓存接口
- (NSUInteger)getSize //获取磁盘缓存大小
- (NSUInteger)getDiskCount //获取缓存图片数量
- (void)clearMemory;//清除内存
- (void)clearDiskOnCompletion:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion;//清除缓存,不管到期与否,完成后操作
- (void)clearDisk;//清除缓存,不管到期与否
- (void)cleanDiskWithCompletionBlock:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completionBlock;//清除到期缓存图片,完成后操作
- (void)cleanDisk;//清除到期缓存图片
来个示例代码实现
SDWebImageManager *manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager];
[manager.imageCache setMaxMemoryCost:1000000];//设置总缓存大小,默认为0没有限制
[manager.imageCache setMaxCacheSize:640000];//设置单个图片限制大小
[manager.imageDownloader setMaxConcurrentDownloads:1];//设置同时下载线程数,这是下载器的内容,下面将会介绍
[manager downloadImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://p9.qhimg.com/t01eb74a44c2eb43193.jpg"]
options:SDWebImageProgressiveDownload progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {
NSLog(@"%lu", receivedSize);
} completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
self.imageView1.image = image;
}];
[manager downloadImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.article.pchome.net/00/28/33/87/pic_lib/wm/kuanpin12.jpg"]
options:SDWebImageProgressiveDownload progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {
NSLog(@"%lu", receivedSize);
} completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
self.imageView2.image = image;
}];
NSUInteger size = [manager.imageCache getSize];
NSUInteger count = [manager.imageCache getDiskCount];
NSLog(@"size = %lu", size); // 644621(两张测试图片)
NSLog(@"count = %lu", count); // 2
[manager.imageCache clearDisk];
size = [manager.imageCache getSize];
count = [manager.imageCache getDiskCount];
NSLog(@"sizeClean = %lu", size); // 0
NSLog(@"countClean = %lu", count); // 0 这里使用的是clear
SDImageCache中有根据键值对清除的方法
- (void)removeImageForKey:(NSString *)key fromDisk:(BOOL)fromDisk withCompletion:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)completion;
还有一些根据key查询图片的方法
- (NSOperation *)queryDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key done:(SDWebImageQueryCompletedBlock)doneBlock;
- (UIImage *)imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (UIImage *)imageFromDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key;
SDWebImageDownloader
SDWebImageDownloader.h里面的一些定义
//队列的下载方式
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, SDWebImageDownloaderExecutionOrder) {
SDWebImageDownloaderFIFOExecutionOrder,//先进先出
SDWebImageDownloaderLIFOExecutionOrder//后进先出
};
@property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages;//与cache相同
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxConcurrentDownloads;//最大下载线程数
@property (readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger currentDownloadCount;//当前下载线程数
@property (assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval downloadTimeout;//下载时间限制
@property (assign, nonatomic) SDWebImageDownloaderExecutionOrder executionOrder;//下载方式,即FIFO、LIFO。
//下载图片的方法
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options
progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock;
其中有两个Block,SD对于它们的声明如下
//对于下载进度进行反馈
typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize);
//完成后对图片和数据进行处理,如果出错,则进行出错处理
typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished);
SDWebImageDownloader中,用到了NSOperationQueue来作为操作队列,因此NSOperationQueue所有操作适用于SDWebImage。
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation中实现NSURLConnectionDataDelegate
协议来实现数据的下载,主要通过三个方法
//连接成功
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
//接收数据,.m文件中实现反馈给SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock数据长度
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
//下载结束后,将结果反馈给SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection
暂时先写到这边,剩下的源码后续会继续总结