Maven打Jar包

0、工程样例

新建一个如下的Module。


Module的目录结构

Compute.java

package com.lfqy.fatjar.util;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
/**
 * Created by chengxia on 2020/10/17.
 */
public class Compute {

    public static  Logger log4jLogger = Logger.getLogger(Compute.class);

    public Compute() {
        //PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "log4j.properties");
    }

    public static int add(int a, int b){
        log4jLogger.info("Accepted: " + a + " + " + b);
        return a + b;
    }
    public static int minus(int a, int b){
        log4jLogger.info("Accepted: " + a + " - " + b);
        return a - b;
    }
}

App.java

package com.lfqy.fatjar.util;

/**
 * Created by chengxia on 2020/10/18.
 */
public class App {
    public static void main(String []args){
        int a = 3;
        int b = 6;
        System.out.println(Compute.add(a,b));
        System.out.println(Compute.minus(a,b));
    }
}

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=ALL, Log2Console, Log2File
log4j.appender.Log2Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Log2Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Log2Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%-4r %-5p [%t] %37c %3x - %m%n
log4j.appender.Log2File = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.Log2File.File = log4j.log
log4j.appender.Log2File.Encoding=UTF-8
log4j.appender.Log2File.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Log2File.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}[ %p ]%m%n
log4j.appender.Log2File.append = true

这个文件需要注意,在Maven项目中,log4j.properties配置文件放在resources目录下可以缺省被识别。
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lfqy.fatjar</groupId>
    <artifactId>packfatjar</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.11</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

1、简单打包

在Module的根目录执行打包命令mvn package

$ pwd
        /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar
$ mvn package
        [INFO] Scanning for projects...
        [INFO]
        [INFO] ---------------------< com.lfqy.fatjar:packfatjar >---------------------
    [INFO] Building packfatjar 1.0-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ packfatjar ---
    [WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
    [INFO] Copying 1 resource
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ packfatjar ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
    [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ packfatjar ---
    [WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ packfatjar ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ packfatjar ---
    [INFO] No tests to run.
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ packfatjar ---
    [INFO] Building jar: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time:  2.376 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-18T05:35:50+08:00
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
$

执行完成之后,可以看到jar包已经生成:


Maven打包生成的jar包(target目录下)

这样打包完成之后,可以通过指定主类和classpath的方式运行:

$  java -classpath /Users/chengxia/.m2/repository/log4j/log4j/1.2.11/log4j-1.2.11.jar:target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App
0    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 + 6
9
1    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 - 6
-3
$ 

从上面可以看出,这种jar包在运行时,需要指定主类并且指定依赖的jar包,比较麻烦。下面介绍Maven打包jar包时,如何制定主类。

2、通过Maven在打jar包时指定主类

我们通过修改Module的pom.xml文件可以指定打包时的主类。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lfqy.fatjar</groupId>
    <artifactId>packfatjar</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.11</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <!-- 主函数的入口 -->
                            <mainClass>com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App</mainClass>
                            <!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 -->
                            <!--<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>-->
                            <!--<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>-->
                            <!--<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>-->
                        </manifest>
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>./log4j-1.2.11.jar</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

执行打包操作:

$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.lfqy.fatjar:packfatjar:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin is missing. @ line 22, column 21
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.lfqy.fatjar:packfatjar >---------------------
[INFO] Building packfatjar 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.720 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-18T06:54:38+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 

打包完成之后,可以在jar包中看到文件META-INF/MANIFEST.MF,内容如下:

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
Built-By: chengxia
Class-Path: ./log4j-1.2.11.jar
Created-By: Apache Maven 3.6.0
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_181
Main-Class: com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App


对于单独运行的jar包,需要在jar/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件里设置classpath,这样程序才能从classpath中加载文件。对于运行jar包,在环境变量里设置的classpath是无效的。这就是为什么需要在jar包中设置classpath。
注意:
这里的“.”路径指的是运行的jar包所在的目录。所以,在实际运行这个jar包时,需要将依赖的jar包同步拷贝到运行jar包所在的目录。如下示例。

$ java -jar target/pac
packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT/     packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
localhost:packfatjar chengxia$ java -jar target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/Logger
        at com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute.<clinit>(Compute.java:10)
        at com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App.main(App.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Logger
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
        ... 2 more
$ cp /Users/chengxia/.m2/repository/log4j/log4j/1.2.11/log4j-1.2.11.jar target/
localhost:packfatjar chengxia$ java -jar target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 
0    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 + 6
9
2    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 - 6
-3
$

3、通过Maven生成fatjar

将jar包依赖的所有内容都打入一个jar包内,这样生成的jar包叫做fatjar。下面演示如何通过Maven打包fatjar。
首先,修改Module的pom.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lfqy.fatjar</groupId>
    <artifactId>packfatjar</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.11</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!--<plugin>-->
                <!--<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>-->
                <!--<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>-->
                <!--<configuration>-->
                    <!--<classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>-->
                    <!--<archive>-->
                        <!--<manifest>-->
                            <!--&lt;!&ndash; 主函数的入口 &ndash;&gt;-->
                            <!--<mainClass>com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App</mainClass>-->
                            <!--&lt;!&ndash; 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本 &ndash;&gt;-->
                            <!--&lt;!&ndash;<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>&ndash;&gt;-->
                            <!--&lt;!&ndash;<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>&ndash;&gt;-->
                            <!--&lt;!&ndash;<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>&ndash;&gt;-->
                        <!--</manifest>-->
                        <!--<manifestEntries>-->
                            <!--<Class-Path>./log4j-1.2.11.jar</Class-Path>-->
                        <!--</manifestEntries>-->
                    <!--</archive>-->
                <!--</configuration>-->
            <!--</plugin>-->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <!-- 此处指定main方法入口的class -->
                            <mainClass>com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>assembly</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

执行打包命令:

$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.lfqy.fatjar:packfatjar >---------------------
[INFO] Building packfatjar 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-assembly-plugin:2.2-beta-5:assembly (make-assembly) > package @ packfatjar >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ packfatjar ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] Skipping execution of surefire because it has already been run for this configuration
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-assembly-plugin:2.2-beta-5:assembly (make-assembly) < package @ packfatjar <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-assembly-plugin:2.2-beta-5:assembly (make-assembly) @ packfatjar ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[WARNING] Configuration options: 'appendAssemblyId' is set to false, and 'classifier' is missing.
Instead of attaching the assembly file: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar, it will become the file for main project artifact.
NOTE: If multiple descriptors or descriptor-formats are provided for this project, the value of this file will be non-deterministic!
[WARNING] Replacing pre-existing project main-artifact file: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
with assembly file: /Users/chengxia/Developer/Java/JavaAppProject/packfatjar/target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.571 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-10-18T09:53:08+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
localhost:packfatjar chengxia$ tree target/
.DS_Store                    classes/                     maven-status/                packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
archive-tmp/                 maven-archiver/              packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT/     
localhost:packfatjar chengxia$ tree target/pac
packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT/     packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar  
$

打包生成的jar包结构如下(-L 3的意思是向下指定三层目录):

$ tree -L 3 target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT
target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT
├── META-INF
│   └── MANIFEST.MF
├── com
│   └── lfqy
│       └── fatjar
├── log4j.properties
└── org
    └── apache
        └── log4j

7 directories, 2 files
$ 

从上面的目录结构可以看出,对于运行所需要的log4j的内容,也被打到了同一个jar包中。jar包中看到文件META-INF/MANIFEST.MF,内容如下:

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
Created-By: Apache Maven
Built-By: chengxia
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_181
Main-Class: com.lfqy.fatjar.util.App


接下来运行的时候,命令就简洁很多了。如下:

$ java -jar target/packfatjar-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 
0    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 + 6
9
1    INFO  [main]          com.lfqy.fatjar.util.Compute     - Accepted: 3 - 6
-3
$ 

4、参考资料

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