A Russian-led force has arrived in Kazakhstan at the request of the country's authoritarian president, amid a violent crackdown on anti-government protests.

在对反政府抗议活动进行暴力镇压的情况下，应该国独裁总统的要求，一支俄罗斯领导的部队已抵达哈萨克斯坦。

Machine gun fire reverberated through the largest city Almaty after days of unrest sparked by a fuel price hike.

在燃料价格上涨引发了几天的动荡之后，机枪火力在最大的城市阿拉木图回荡。

Officials have reported deaths of police and protesters.

官方已报告警察和抗议者死亡。

The president has blamed foreign-trained "terrorists", without giving evidence.

总统指责外国训练的“恐怖分子”，但没有提供证据。

In an address on state TV on Wednesday, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev appealed to the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) for support in quelling the protests. The bloc includes Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Armenia.

周三，卡西姆-若马尔特-托卡耶夫总统在国家电视台发表讲话，呼吁以俄罗斯为首的集体安全条约组织（CSTO）支持平息抗议活动。该集团包括俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、白俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦和亚美尼亚。

The overseas force being sent to Kazakhstan reportedly numbers about 2,500 soldiers. The CSTO says the troops are a peacekeeping force and will protect state and military installations. They will stay in the country for several days or weeks, the Russian RIA news agency reports.

据报道，派遣到哈萨克斯坦的海外部队约有 2,500 名士兵。集体安全条约组织表示，这些部队是一支维和部队，将保护国家和军事设施。据俄罗斯 RIA 通讯社报道，他们将在该国逗留数天或数周。

The US State Department has said it is closely monitoring the deployment of Russian troops. "The United States and, frankly, the world will be watching for any violation of human rights," a spokesman said.

美国国务院表示，正在密切监视俄罗斯军队的部署。一位发言人说：“美国，坦率地说，全世界都将密切关注任何侵犯人权的行为。”

"We will also be watching for any actions that may lay the predicate for the seizure of Kazakh institutions."

“我们还将密切关注任何可能为没收哈萨克机构奠定基础的行动。”

The UN, US, UK, and France have called on all sides to refrain from violence.

联合国、美国、英国和法国呼吁各方避免暴力。

Some 18 members of the security forces have died in Almaty, officials said, and police said they had killed dozens of people described as "rioters" overnight.

官员说，约有 18 名安全部队成员在阿拉木图死亡，警方称他们一夜之间杀死了数十名被称为“暴徒”的人。

The unrest began on Sunday when the cost of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - which many people in Kazakhstan use to fuel their cars - doubled, drawing protesters onto the streets.

骚乱始于周日，当时液化石油气 (LPG) 的成本 - 哈萨克斯坦许多人用来为汽车提供燃料 - 翻了一番，吸引了抗议者走上街头。

The government said on Thursday that fuel price caps will be restored for six months. But the announcement has failed to end the protests, which have broadened to include other political grievances.

政府周四表示，燃油价格上限将恢复六个月。但该声明未能结束抗议活动，抗议活动已扩大到包括其他政治不满。

Kazakhstan is often described as authoritarian, and most elections are won by the ruling party with nearly 100% of the vote. There is no effective political opposition.

哈萨克斯坦经常被描述为专制国家，大多数选举都是由执政党以近 100% 的选票赢得的。没有有效的政治反对派。

Burnt down buildings and long queues

By Abdujalil Abdurasulov, BBC News, Almaty

The bustling square of Almaty has turned into a conflict zone, complete with burnt down buildings and vehicles. Many people are scared to go outside, especially at night because clashes are continuing. The sounds of shooting and explosions remind people how dangerous it can be to leave their homes.

熙熙攘攘的阿拉木图广场已经变成了一个冲突区，到处都是被烧毁的建筑物和车辆。许多人害怕出门，尤其是在晚上，因为冲突仍在继续。枪击和爆炸的声音提醒人们离开家是多么危险。

Local vigilante groups block the entrances to their villages near Almaty to prevent looting. Checkpoints and makeshift barriers block the entrance to the city, so people use narrow streets to get in and out of Almaty.

当地治安维持会封锁了阿拉木图附近村庄的入口，以防止抢劫。检查站和临时障碍阻挡了城市的入口，因此人们使用狭窄的街道进出阿拉木图。

There are big queues at petrol stations. Residents struggle to buy food because shopping malls, supermarkets, cafes and restaurants are all closed, only small shops are still open. The internet blockade continues, so people cannot withdraw money, or top up their phones.

加油站有大排长龙。由于购物中心、超市、咖啡馆和餐馆都关门了，只有小商店还在营业，居民们很难买到食物。互联网封锁仍在继续，因此人们无法取款或为手机充值。

A presidential residence in Almaty and its mayor's office were both ablaze on Thursday. The military has now regained control of the main airport, which had been seized by protesters.

周四，阿拉木图的总统官邸和市长办公室都着火了。军方现在重新控制了被抗议者占领的主要机场。

Kazakhstan's health ministry said about 1,000 people have been injured in the unrest.

哈萨克斯坦卫生部表示，大约有 1000 人在骚乱中受伤。

The bloodshed comes after President Tokayev sacked his cabinet on Wednesday in a bid to head off the demonstrations. He also fired his powerful predecessor, Nursultan Nazarbayev, who had held a national security role since stepping down as president.

流血事件发生在托卡耶夫总统周三解散内阁以阻止示威活动之后。他还解雇了他强大的前任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫（Nursultan Nazarbayev），后者自卸任总统以来一直担任国家安全职务。

Kazakhstan: The basics

Where is it? Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia to the north and China to the east. It is a huge country the size of Western Europe, dwarfing in land mass the other former Soviet republics of Central Asia.

它在哪里？哈萨克斯坦北部与俄罗斯接壤，东部与中国接壤。它是一个与西欧大小相当的大国，在陆地上使中亚其他前苏联加盟共和国相形见绌。

Why does it matter? It has vast mineral resources, with 3% of global oil reserves and important coal and gas sectors. A mainly Muslim republic with a large Russian minority, it has largely escaped the civil strife seen in other parts of Central Asia.

它为什么重要？它拥有丰富的矿产资源，拥有全球3%的石油储量和重要的煤炭和天然气部门。它是一个以穆斯林为主的共和国，拥有大量的俄罗斯少数民族，在很大程度上避免了中亚其他地区的内乱。

Why is it making the news? Fuel riots have rocked the government, resulting in resignations at the top and a bloody crackdown on protesters.

为什么要上新闻？燃料骚乱震撼了政府，导致高层辞职和对抗议者的血腥镇压。