IOS手机直播Demo技术简介

1.测试服务器的搭建

测试服务器基于（nginx+rtmp-modual）

1.下载nginx
2.下载nginx-rtmp-module
3.编译安装nginx:
/configure --add-module=/对应的目录/nginx-rtmp-module
make
make install

nginx 默认安装在/usr/local/nginx 目录下，
可执行程序： /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx服务器配置文件在：/usr/local/nginx/conf/下

4.配置nginx
$ cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
$ sudo vim nginx.conf

在文件后面加上rtmp协议的支持如下：

rtmp {
    server {
        listen 1935;
        application myapp {
            live on;

            #record keyframes;
            #record_path /tmp;
            #record_max_size 128K;
            #record_interval 30s;
            #record_suffix .this.is.flv;

            #on_publish http://localhost:8080/publish;
            #on_play http://localhost:8080/play;
            #on_record_done http://localhost:8080/record_done;

       }
       application hls {
             live on;
             hls on;
             hls_path /tmp/app;
             hls_fragment 5s;


       }## 标题 ##
    }
}

添加完, 保存并退出VIM

5.启动nginx ：

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
打开 localhost 测试一下，有没有启动成功
成功的界面会显示 welecome nginx 等信息

2.编译ffmpeg库

1.下载并编译libx264

编译脚本:

#!/bin/sh

CONFIGURE_FLAGS="--enable-static --enable-pic --disable-cli"

ARCHS="arm64 armv7s x86_64 i386 armv7"

# directories
SOURCE="x264"
FAT="x264-iOS"

SCRATCH="scratch-x264"
# must be an absolute path
THIN=`pwd`/"thin-x264"

# the one included in x264 does not work; specify full path to working one
GAS_PREPROCESSOR=/usr/local/bin/gas-preprocessor.pl

COMPILE="y"
LIPO="y"

if [ "$*" ]
then
    if [ "$*" = "lipo" ]
    then
        # skip compile
        COMPILE=
    else
        ARCHS="$*"
        if [ $# -eq 1 ]
        then
            # skip lipo
            LIPO=
        fi
    fi
fi

if [ "$COMPILE" ]
then
    CWD=`pwd`
    for ARCH in $ARCHS
    do
        echo "building $ARCH..."
        mkdir -p "$SCRATCH/$ARCH"
        cd "$SCRATCH/$ARCH"

        if [ "$ARCH" = "i386" -o "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]
        then
            PLATFORM="iPhoneSimulator"
            CPU=
            if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]
            then
                SIMULATOR="-mios-simulator-version-min=7.0"
                HOST=
            else
                SIMULATOR="-mios-simulator-version-min=5.0"
            HOST="--host=i386-apple-darwin"
            fi
        else
            PLATFORM="iPhoneOS"
            if [ $ARCH = "armv7s" ]
            then
                CPU="--cpu=swift"
            else
                CPU=
            fi
            SIMULATOR=
            if [ $ARCH = "arm64" ]
            then
                HOST="--host=aarch64-apple-darwin"
            else
                HOST="--host=arm-apple-darwin"
            fi
        fi

        XCRUN_SDK=`echo $PLATFORM | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`
        CC="xcrun -sdk $XCRUN_SDK clang -Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future -arch $ARCH"
        CFLAGS="-arch $ARCH $SIMULATOR"
        CXXFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
        LDFLAGS="$CFLAGS"

        CC=$CC $CWD/$SOURCE/configure \
            $CONFIGURE_FLAGS \
            $HOST \
            $CPU \
            --extra-cflags="$CFLAGS" \
            --extra-ldflags="$LDFLAGS" \
            --prefix="$THIN/$ARCH"

        mkdir extras
        ln -s $GAS_PREPROCESSOR extras

        make -j3 install
        cd $CWD
    done
fi

if [ "$LIPO" ]
then
    echo "building fat binaries..."
    mkdir -p $FAT/lib
    set - $ARCHS
    CWD=`pwd`
    cd $THIN/$1/lib
    for LIB in *.a
    do
        cd $CWD
        lipo -create `find $THIN -name $LIB` -output $FAT/lib/$LIB
    done

    cd $CWD
    cp -rf $THIN/$1/include $FAT
fi
2.下载并编译libfdk-aac

版本:fdk-aac-0.1.4
Fdk-aac编译脚本:

#!/bin/bash

SDKVERSION="8.3"
LIB_PATH="fdk-aac-0.1.4"
#ARCHS="armv7 armv7s i386"
ARCHS="i386 armv7s armv7"
#OUTPUTDIR="dependencies/lib_fdkaac"
OUTPUTDIR="$LIB_PATH/build-ios/master"

OLD_DEVELOPER_PATH="/Developer"
NEW_DEVELOPER_PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer"

# Get the install path
if [ -d "$NEW_DEVELOPER_PATH" ]
then
DEVELOPER="$NEW_DEVELOPER_PATH"
else
DEVELOPER="$OLD_DEVELOPER_PATH"
fi

CurrentPath=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd)
LIB_PATH="$CurrentPath/$LIB_PATH"
OUTPUTDIR="$CurrentPath/$OUTPUTDIR"

cd $LIB_PATH

for ARCH in ${ARCHS}
do
if [ "${ARCH}" == "i386" ];
then
PLATFORM="iPhoneSimulator"
else
PLATFORM="iPhoneOS"

fi
PLATFORM_SDK="${DEVELOPER}/Platforms/${PLATFORM}.platform/Developer/SDKs/${PLATFORM}${SDKVERSION}.sdk"
MIN_VERSION_FLAG="-miphoneos-version-min=${SDKVERSION}"
HOST="${ARCH}-apple-darwin"
export CC="${DEVELOPER}/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang"
export CFLAGS="${MIN_VERSION_FLAG} -arch ${ARCH}"
export LDFLAGS="${MIN_VERSION_FLAG} -arch ${ARCH} -isysroot ${PLATFORM_SDK}"
export LIBS="-L${PLATFORM_SDK}/usr/lib"
export CXXFLAGS="${MIN_VERSION_FLAG} -arch ${ARCH} -I${PLATFORM_SDK}/usr/include"


mkdir -p "${OUTPUTDIR}/${ARCH}"

make clean
echo "** CC=${CC}"
echo "** CFLAGS=${CFLAGS}"
echo "** LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS}"
echo "** LIBS=${LIBS}"
echo "** CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS}"
./configure --prefix="${OUTPUTDIR}/${ARCH}" --host="${HOST}" --with-sysroot="${PLATFORM_SDK}"
make && make install && make clean
done

mkdir -p "${OUTPUTDIR}/universal/lib"

cd "${OUTPUTDIR}/armv7/lib"
for file in *.a
do

cd "${OUTPUTDIR}"
xcrun -sdk iphoneos lipo -output universal/lib/$file  -create -arch armv7 armv7/lib/$file -arch armv7s armv7s/lib/$file -arch i386 i386/lib/$file
echo "Universal $file created."

done
cp -r ${OUTPUTDIR}/armv7/include ${OUTPUTDIR}/universal/

echo "Done."
3.下载并编译librtmp

下载好，直接运行

cd 到librtmp-iOS目录
运行 ./build-librtmp.sh
4.下载并编译ffmpeg

ffmpeg版本：2.0.2
编译shell脚本:

#!/bin/bash

###########################################################################
#  Choose your ffmpeg version and your currently-installed iOS SDK version:
#
VERSION="2.0.2" #指定对应ffmpeg的版本号
SDKVERSION=""
#
#
###########################################################################
#
# Don't change anything under this line!
#
###########################################################################

# No need to change this since xcode build will only compile in the
# necessary bits from the libraries we create
ARCHS="armv7 armv7s i386"

DEVELOPER=`xcode-select -print-path`

cd "`dirname \"$0\"`"
REPOROOT=$(pwd)

# Where we'll end up storing things in the end
OUTPUTDIR="${REPOROOT}/dependencies"
mkdir -p ${OUTPUTDIR}/include
mkdir -p ${OUTPUTDIR}/lib
mkdir -p ${OUTPUTDIR}/bin


BUILDDIR="${REPOROOT}/build"
mkdir -p $BUILDDIR

# where we will keep our sources and build from.
SRCDIR="${BUILDDIR}/src"
mkdir -p $SRCDIR
# where we will store intermediary builds
INTERDIR="${BUILDDIR}/built"
mkdir -p $INTERDIR

########################################

cd $SRCDIR

# Exit the script if an error happens
set -e

if [ ! -e "${SRCDIR}/ffmpeg-${VERSION}.tar.bz2" ]; then
    echo "Downloading ffmpeg-${VERSION}.tar.bz2"
    curl -LO http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-${VERSION}.tar.bz2
else
    echo "Using ffmpeg-${VERSION}.tar.bz2"
fi

tar jxf ffmpeg-${VERSION}.tar.bz2 -C $SRCDIR
cd "${SRCDIR}/ffmpeg-${VERSION}"

set +e # don't bail out of bash script if ccache doesn't exist
CCACHE=`which ccache`
if [ $? == "0" ]; then
    echo "Building with ccache: $CCACHE"
    CCACHE="${CCACHE} "
else
    echo "Building without ccache"
    CCACHE=""
fi
set -e # back to regular "bail out on error" mode

for ARCH in ${ARCHS}
do
    if [ "${ARCH}" == "i386" ];
    then
        PLATFORM="iPhoneSimulator"
        ETRA_CONFIG="--arch=i386 --disable-asm --enable-cross-compile --target-os=darwin --cpu=i386"
        EXTRA_CFLAGS="-arch i386"
        EXTRA_LDFLAGS="-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/${PLATFORM}.platform/Developer/SDKs/${PLATFORM}${SDKVERSION}.sdk/usr/lib -mfpu=neon"
    else
        PLATFORM="iPhoneOS"
        EXTRA_CONFIG="--arch=arm --target-os=darwin --enable-cross-compile --cpu=cortex-a9 --disable-armv5te"
        EXTRA_CFLAGS="-w -arch ${ARCH} -mfpu=neon"
        EXTRA_LDFLAGS="-mfpu=neon"
    fi

    mkdir -p "${INTERDIR}/${ARCH}"
    echo "platform is ${PLATFORM}"
    ./configure --prefix="${INTERDIR}/${ARCH}" --sysroot="${DEVELOPER}/Platforms/${PLATFORM}.platform/Developer/SDKs/${PLATFORM}${SDKVERSION}.sdk" --cc="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" --as='/usr/local/bin/gas-preprocessor.pl' --extra-cflags="${EXTRA_CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${SDKVERSION} -I${OUTPUTDIR}/include" --extra-ldflags="-arch ${ARCH} ${EXTRA_LDFLAGS} -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/${PLATFORM}.platform/Developer/SDKs/${PLATFORM}${SDKVERSION}.sdk -miphoneos-version-min=${SDKVERSION} -L${OUTPUTDIR}/lib" ${EXTRA_CONFIG} --extra-cxxflags="$CPPFLAGS -I${OUTPUTDIR}/include -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/${PLATFORM}.platform/Developer/SDKs/${PLATFORM}${SDKVERSION}.sdk" \
    --enable-cross-compile \
    --disable-doc \
    --disable-ffmpeg \
    --disable-ffplay \
    --disable-ffprobe \
    --disable-ffserver \
    --disable-asm \
    --disable-debug \
    --disable-symver \
    --disable-avdevice \
    --disable-avfilter \
    --disable-encoders \
    --disable-muxers \
    --disable-filters \
    --disable-devices \
    --disable-swscale \
    --disable-everything \
    --enable-protocol=librtmp \
    --enable-protocol=file \
    --enable-decoder=h264 \
    --enable-decoder=aac \
    --enable-decoder=nellymoser \
    --enable-decoder=mp3 \
    --enable-encoder=aac \
    --enable-encoder=libfdk_aac \
    --enable-encoder=libx264 \
    --enable-demuxer=h264 \
    --enable-demuxer=aac \
    --enable-demuxer=flv \
    --enable-demuxer=mp3 \
    --enable-muxer=flv \
    --enable-filter=aresample \
    --enable-hwaccel=h264_vaapi \
    --enable-hwaccel=h264_vda \
    --enable-hwaccel=h264_vdpau \
    --enable-version3 \
    --enable-librtmp \
    --enable-nonfree \
    --enable-gpl \
    --enable-libfdk-aac \
    —extra-cflags=-I$(pwd)/librtmp/include \
    —extra-ldflags=-L$(pwd)/librtmp/lib \
    —extra-cflags=-I$(pwd)/fdk-aac-0.1.4/build-ios/master/universal/include \
    —extra-ldflags=-L$(pwd)/fdk-aac-0.1.4/build-ios/master/universal/lib\
    —extra-cflags=-I$(pwd)/include \
    —extra-ldflags=-L$(pwd)/lib \

    echo "prepare to make!!!"
    make && make install && make clean

done

mkdir -p "${INTERDIR}/universal/lib"

cd "${INTERDIR}/armv7/lib"
for file in *.a
do

cd ${INTERDIR}
xcrun -sdk iphoneos lipo -output universal/lib/$file  -create -arch armv7 armv7/lib/$file -arch armv7s armv7s/lib/$file -arch i386 i386/lib/$file 
echo "Universal $file created."

done
cp -r ${INTERDIR}/armv7/include ${INTERDIR}/universal/

echo "Done."

3.采集音视频

1.ios音频采集：

使用AudioQueue进行音频的录制，引用苹果官方文档的一张图说明一下：


recording_callback_function_2x.png
recording_callback_function_2x.png
#define kNumberRecordBuffers    3

@protocol AudioRecordDelegate

// 音频回调委托，返回录制的PCM数据
-(void)AudioDataOutputBuffer:(uint8_t *)audioBuffer bufferSize:(int)size;

@end

@interface AudioRecoder : NSObject
{
    
    AudioQueueRef                   mQueue;
    AudioQueueBufferRef             mBuffers[kNumberRecordBuffers];
    AudioStreamBasicDescription     mRecordFormat;
    
}

@property id<AudioRecordDelegate> outDelegate;

-(id)initWIthSampleRate:(int)sampleRate; //通过采样率生成一个实例
-(void)setAudioRecordDelegate:(id<AudioRecordDelegate>)delegate;
-(void)startRecord; // 开启录音
-(void)stopRecord; // 暂停录音
@end

核心的方法，只要在音频回调里：
void MyInputBufferHandler(void *                                inUserData,
                          AudioQueueRef                         inAQ,
                          AudioQueueBufferRef                   inBuffer,
                          const AudioTimeStamp *                inStartTime,
                          UInt32                                inNumPackets,
                          const AudioStreamPacketDescription*   inPacketDesc)
{
    AudioRecoder* audioRecord = (__bridge AudioRecoder *)(inUserData);

    if(audioRecord.outDelegate) {
        // 通过委托将音频回调给代理使用
         [audioRecord.outDelegate AudioDataOutputBuffer:(uint8_t *)inBuffer->mAudioData                                             bufferSize:inBuffer->mAudioDataByteSize]; 
    }

    AudioQueueEnqueueBuffer(inAQ, inBuffer, 0, NULL);
}
2.ios视频录制

因为我们需要获取视频的原始数据，所以视频录制使用AVCaptureVideoDataOutput这个类

@class CamerRecordViewController;
@protocol CamerRecordViewControllerDelegate <NSObject>
// 录制的视频原始数据，kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarVideoRange 格式
- (void)videoOutPut:(uint8_t *)rawData dataSize:(size_t)bufferSize;

@end
@interface CamerRecordViewController : UIViewController
@property (nonatomic,assign) id<CamerRecordViewControllerDelegate> delegate;
@end

核心的方法，视频回调：

#pragma mark - 视频输出代理

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection
{
    // 为媒体数据设置一个CMSampleBuffer的Core Video图像缓存对象
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    // 锁定pixel buffer的基地址
    
    if (kCVReturnSuccess == CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0)) {
        // 得到pixel buffer的基地址
        uint8_t *bufferPtr = (uint8_t *)CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(imageBuffer,0);
        uint8_t *uvPtr = (uint8_t *)CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(imageBuffer, 1);
        size_t bufferSize = CVPixelBufferGetDataSize(imageBuffer);
        NSLog(@"=== buffsize : %zu",bufferSize);
        bool isPlanar = CVPixelBufferIsPlanar(imageBuffer);
        if (isPlanar) {
            int planeCount = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneCount(imageBuffer);
            NSLog(@"=== planeCount : %d \n ",planeCount);
            
        }

        size_t ysize = 640*480;

        uint8_t *newbuffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(ysize*1.5);

        
        memcpy(newbuffer, bufferPtr, ysize*1.5);

//        if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(videoOutPut:dataSize:)]) {
//            
//            [self.delegate videoOutPut:(uint8_t *)newbuffer dataSize:bufferSize];
//            
//        }
        [self videoOutPut:newbuffer dataSize:bufferSize];

        free(newbuffer);
        // 解锁pixel buffer
        CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer,0);
        
    }
    
}

4.编码（AAC,H264）

编码分两步，一是AAC编码，二是H264的编码,两者都是基于FFMPEG库函数进行编码

AAC编码

引用网上的一张图进行说明编码的一个过程:

simplest_ffmpeg_audio_encoder.jpg

demo对应循环编码的函数如下:

int encoderAAC(AACEncoder *encoder,uint8_t *inputBuffer,int inputSize,char *outputBuffer,int *outSize)
{
    
    
    /* AVFrame表示一祯原始的音频数据，因为编码的时候需要一个AVFrame,，
       在这里创建一个AVFrame,用来填充录音回调传过来的inputBuffer.里面是数据格式为PCM
       调用FFMPEG的编码函数 avcodec_encode_audio2（）后，将PCM-->AAC
       编码压缩为AAC格式，并保存在AVPacket中。
       再调用 av_interleaved_write_frame
       我们将它写入到指定的推流地址上,FFMPEG将发包集成在它内部实现里
     */
 
    //    pthread_mutex_lock(&encoder->mutex);
    
    AVFrame *frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
    frame->nb_samples = encoder->pCodeCtx->frame_size;
    frame->format = encoder->pCodeCtx->sample_fmt;
    frame->sample_rate = encoder->pCodeCtx->sample_rate;
    frame->channels = encoder->pCodeCtx->channels;
    frame->pts = frame->nb_samples*frameIndex;
    
    
    av_init_packet(&encoder->packet);
    
    int gotFrame = 0;

    

    int ret = avcodec_fill_audio_frame(frame, encoder->pCodeCtx->channels, AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, (uint8_t*)inputBuffer, encoder->buffer_size, 0);
    
    if (ret<0) {
        printf("avcodec_fill_audio_frame error !\n");
        av_frame_free(&frame);
        av_free_packet(&encoder->packet);
  
        return -1;
    }
    encoder->packet.data = NULL;
    encoder->packet.size = 0;
    ret = avcodec_encode_audio2(encoder->pCodeCtx, &encoder->packet, frame, &gotFrame);
    frameIndex++;
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("encoder error! \n");
        av_frame_free(&frame);
        av_free_packet(&encoder->packet);
        //        pthread_mutex_unlock(&encoder->mutex);
        return -1;
    }
    if (gotFrame == 1) {
        encoder->packet.stream_index = encoder->pStream->index;
        encoder->packet.pts = frame->pts;
        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(encoder->pFormatCtx, &encoder->packet);
        
        
        printf("[AAC]: audio encoder %d frame success \n",frameIndex);
    }
    
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    av_free_packet(&encoder->packet);
    //    pthread_mutex_unlock(&encoder->mutex);
    return 1;
}
H264编码

编码过程与AAC一样，注意H264编码时，需要将源数据转换为YUV420P的格式，编码函数如下：

int encoderH264(AACEncoder *encoder,uint8_t *inputBuffer,size_t bufferSize)
{

    
    AVFrame *frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();

    
    frame->pts = picFrameIndex;

//    int ysize = encoder->pVideoCodecCtx->width *encoder->pVideoCodecCtx->height;

    av_init_packet(&encoder->videoPacket);
    int gotPicture = 0;
    //将原数据填充到AVFrame结构里，便于进行编码
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)frame, inputBuffer, encoder->pVideoCodecCtx->pix_fmt, encoder->pVideoCodecCtx->width, encoder->pVideoCodecCtx->height);
        
    encoder->videoPacket.data = NULL;
    encoder->videoPacket.size = 0;
    
    // 进行H264编码
    int ret = avcodec_encode_video2(encoder->pVideoCodecCtx, &encoder->videoPacket, frame, &gotPicture);
    picFrameIndex++;
    
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("avcodec_fill_video_frame error !\n");
        av_frame_free(&frame);
        av_free_packet(&encoder->videoPacket);
        return -1;
    }
    // 成功编码一祯数据 
    if (gotPicture == 1) {
        encoder->videoPacket.stream_index = encoder->pVideoStrem->index;
        encoder->videoPacket.pts = frame->pts;

        //写入到指定的地方 由encoder->pFormatCtx 保存着输出的路径
        ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(encoder->pFormatCtx, &encoder->videoPacket);

    }
    
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    av_free_packet(&encoder->videoPacket);
    return 1;

}

5.RTMP推送

目前基于FFMPEG做为推流器，RTMP连接及推送音视频包都在其内部实现了，主要在函数

//指定输出格式为FLV，Path这里传个RTMP://XXXX/XXX
ret = avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "flv", path);

// 这个函数进行了URL的映射 ,比如我们PATH 为RTMP协议的，FFMPEG内部将使用librtmp里面的握手连接等函数。
if (avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, path,AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) < 0 ) {

    printf("failed to open output file \n");
    return NULL;
}

目前这个Demo还有一些问题没有处理好，H264编码出来的数据播放后呈黑白（估计在IOS录制时，UV数据没有转换好）后续处理会弃用FFMPEG进行推流，直接使用Librtmp进行推送数据包。这样程序便于控制流传输的各个状态，及错误捕捉。

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