HashMap是非常常的集合类,我们来看下它的源码(基于JDK1.8)。
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继承关系
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable
HashMap实现了Map接口
核心成员变量
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; //默认装载因子
final float loadFactor; //装载因子
transient Node<K,V>[] table; //数组,作为Hash桶
节点内部类
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash; //hash值
final K key; //键
V value; //值
Node<K,V> next; //指向hash值相同的下一个节点
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
这个类封装了键值对。
构造方法
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; //使用默认装载因子
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
添加元素:put方法
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); //在计算一个hash值
}
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) //如果对应的桶为空(无冲突),直接新建节点,加入该桶
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else { //存在Hash冲突
Node<K,V> e; K k;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode) //对应桶的第一个元素是TreeNode节点,说明链表过长,已转换为红黑树
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); //将该节点放入红黑树中
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { //开启循环,遍历链表
if ((e = p.next) == null) { //到达链表末尾,将元素加入尾部
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); //加入尾部
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break; //找到链表中一个元素和当前节点hash值相同则跳出循环
p = e; //搜索下一个节点
}
}
if (e != null) { //存在一个键相同的节点
V oldValue = e.value; //保存旧的值
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value; //更新为新的值
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue; //返回旧的值
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold)
resize(); //扩容
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
put方法关键地方已经注释。首先根据key计算hash值,寻找桶,如果桶为空,则直接加入该桶,否则,将该元素加入红黑树或链表,这里就看下是如何加入链表的。首先遍历链表,如果链表中某个节点和当前元素的hash值相同,则更新节点的value值为当前元素的value值,返回节点中原来的value值。如果搜索到链表尾部,直接将要加入的节点加入链表尾部。
查询元素:get方法
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value; //计算hash值
}
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {//确定桶的下标,first指向桶的第一个元素
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first; //如果第一个元素和key的hash值相同,直接返回
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);//遍历红黑树
do { //遍历链表
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null; //返回空
}
首先计算key的hash值,然后遍历红黑树或链表返回hash值相同的节点,都没找到则返回空。
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github:https://github.com/gatsbydhn