http://blog.csdn.net/zl18310999566/article/details/54341057
RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。
Broker：简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
Exchange：消息交换机，它指定消息按什么规则，路由到哪个队列。
Queue：消息队列载体，每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
Binding：绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
Routing Key：路由关键字，exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost：虚拟主机，一个broker里可以开设多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。
producer：消息生产者，就是投递消息的程序。
consumer：消息消费者，就是接受消息的程序。
channel：消息通道，在客户端的每个连接里，可建立多个channel，每个channel代表一个会话任务。
客户端连接到消息队列服务器，打开一个channel。
客户端声明一个exchange，并设置相关属性。
客户端声明一个queue，并设置相关属性。
客户端使用routing key，在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系。
客户端投递消息到exchange。
exchange接收到消息后，就根据消息的key和已经设置的binding，进行消息路由，将消息投递到一个或多个队列里。
exchange也有几个类型，完全根据key进行投递的叫做Direct交换机，例如，绑定时设置了routing key为”abc”，那么客户端提交的消息，只有设置了key为”abc”的才会投递到队列。对key进行模式匹配后进行投递的叫做Topic交换机，符号”#”匹配一个或多个词，符号”*”匹配正好一个词。例如”abc.#”匹配”abc.def.ghi”，”abc.*”只匹配”abc.def”。还有一种不需要key的，叫做Fanout交换机，它采取广播模式，一个消息进来时，投递到与该交换机绑定的所有队列。
RabbitMQ支持消息的持久化，也就是数据写在磁盘上，为了数据安全考虑，我想大多数用户都会选择持久化。消息队列持久化包括3个部分：
exchange持久化，在声明时指定durable => 1
queue持久化，在声明时指定durable => 1
消息持久化，在投递时指定delivery_mode => 2（1是非持久化）
如果exchange和queue都是持久化的，那么它们之间的binding也是持久化的。如果exchange和queue两者之间有一个持久化，一个非持久化，就不允许建立绑定。
以上内容抄自百度百科，RabbitMQ 百度百科
其它关于RabbitMQ的介绍可以看http://www.cnblogs.com/qiyebao/p/4205626.html
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org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-amqp
在application.properties中增加如下配置
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spring.rabbitmq.addresses=127.0.0.1:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
rabbitmq端口说明：5672-amqp，25672-clustering，61613-stomp，1883-mqtt
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package com.rabbitmq.send;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Sender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send(String msg) {
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("foo", msg);
}
}
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package com.rabbitmq.listener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
@Configuration
@RabbitListener(queues = "foo")
public class Listener {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class);
@Bean
public Queue fooQueue() {
return new Queue("foo");
}
@RabbitHandler
public void process(@Payload String foo) {
LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo);
}
}
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package com.rabbitmq.controller;
import com.rabbitmq.send.Sender;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@RestController
public class RabbitmqController {
@Autowired
private Sender sender;
@GetMapping("/send")
public String send(HttpServletRequest request, String msg) {
sender.send(msg);
return "Send OK.";
}
}
启动服务，在浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:8080/send?msg=this%20is%20a%20test，点击回车可以在控制台看到如下输出
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INFO 5559 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener : Listener: this is a test
[SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener - Listener: this is a test
增加回调处理，这里不再使用application.properties默认配置的方式，会在程序中显示的使用文件中的配置信息。
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package com.rabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
public class AmqpConfig {
public static final String FOO_EXCHANGE = "callback.exchange.foo";
public static final String FOO_ROUTINGKEY = "callback.routingkey.foo";
public static final String FOO_QUEUE = "callback.queue.foo";
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
private String addresses;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")
private String virtualHost;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}")
private boolean publisherConfirms;
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory =new CachingConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
/** 如果要进行消息回调，则这里必须要设置为true */
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Bean
/** 因为要设置回调类，所以应是prototype类型，如果是singleton类型，则回调类为最后一次设置 */
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate template =new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
return template;
}
}
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package com.rabbitmq.send;
import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.UUID;
@Component
public class Sender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Sender.class);
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Autowired
public Sender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
}
public void send(String msg) {
CorrelationData correlationData =new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
LOGGER.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE, AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY, msg, correlationData);
}
/** 回调方法 */
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
LOGGER.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId());
}
}
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package com.rabbitmq.listener;
import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
@Configuration
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE)
public class Listener {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class);
/** 设置交换机类型 */
@Bean
public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
/**
* DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
* TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
* FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念
* HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配
*/
return new DirectExchange(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE);
}
@Bean
public Queue fooQueue() {
return new Queue(AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE);
}
@Bean
public Binding binding() {
/** 将队列绑定到交换机 */
return BindingBuilder.bind(fooQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY);
}
@RabbitHandler
public void process(@Payload String foo) {
LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo);
}
}
或者使用下面的代码来代替@RabbitHandler注解的process方法
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@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container =new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory());
container.setQueues(fooQueue());
container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);//设置确认模式手工确认
container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
byte[] body = message.getBody();
LOGGER.info("Listener onMessage : " + new String(body));
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false); //确认消息成功消费
}
});
return container;
}
