名次性从句
一、主语从句
1、句型: A is a fact.
如何将There are four seasons. 代入上面的名次性从句
推导过程:That there are four seasons=A
因此:That there are four seasons is a fact.
公式一:That + 陈述句 = A
2、句型:A is a question.
如何将特殊疑问句Where does Tom live?代入上面的名次性从句
推倒过程:Where Tom lives= A
因此:Where Tom lives is a question.
公式二:特殊疑问句变陈述句=A
3、句型 : A is a question.
如何将一般疑问句 Whether Tom is 50 years old?代入上面的名次性从句
将一般疑问句直接代入:Whether Tom is 50 years old=A
因此:Whether Tom is 50 years old is a question.
公式三:whether +陈述句= A
Tip:主语从句的主从时态不用一致
*形式主语(防止头重脚轻)
公式一: It is ...that (主语从句)
省略号部分可以使a.名词 b.形容词
公式二:It is ...to do
公式三:It is ...doing
It 没有实际意义
宾语从句
1、句型:Tom says A.
Tom says (that) there are four seasons.
公式一:(that) +陈述句=A
2、句型:Tom asks A.
Tom asks where Jim went.
公式二:特殊疑问句变陈述句=A
3、句型:Tom asks A
Tom asks whether Jim is 50 years old.
公式三:whether +陈述句=A
表语从句
主系表结构:主语+系动词+表语(名次、形容词、动词的特殊形态)
公式一:that +陈述句=A
公式二:特殊疑问句变陈述句=A
公式三:whether + 陈述句= A
同位语从句
引入:插入语(起补充说明作用,没有主句重要)
- 逗号相隔(句子头尾都有逗号)
2.连字符相隔(句子头尾都有连字符)
三个特点:逗号/连字符、词性不固定、不影响句子完整性
同位语
一个名词对另一个名词进行修饰,第二个名词就是同位语
a.有逗号相隔
Exa. :James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret as 'fitted up like a counting house'.
b.没有逗号相隔
Exa. :Energy and other resources have become more abundant, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in 1972.
三个特点:逗号/无逗号、名词、放在名词后
公式:that +陈述句=同位语
同位语从句与定语从句
I heard the news that they won the game. 同位语从句
I heard the news that happened yesterday. 定语从句
共同点:都在名词后面
不同:同位语在抽象名词后面;同位语是完整的句子
总结名次性从句的四种句型
主语从句:A is a fact.
宾语从句:Tom says A.
表语从句:The fact is A.
同位语从句+定语从句: I heard the news A.
It 在阅读中的用法
用法一:指代名次
用法二:形式主语(三个公式)
用法三:强调句
公式:It is +被强调部分+that
被强调部分在从句中为a.主语 b.宾语c.状语
a.被强调部分为主语
It was Tom that saved the girl from the river last night.
b.被强调部分为宾语
It is Kate that the monitor likes.
c.被强调部分为状语
It is at 6 am that I should arrive at the workplace.
It will be in the room that the meeting will be held.
被强调部分为状语时,句子是完整的,主语和宾语不完整