1.如何隐藏所有指定的元素
forEach
&& display = 'none'
const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none'))
// 事例:隐藏页面上所有`<img>`元素?
hide(document.querySelectorAll('img'))
2.如何检查元素是否具有指定的类?
页面DOM里的每个节点上都有一个classList
对象,程序员可以使用里面的方法新增、删除、修改节点上的CSS类。使用classList
,程序员还可以用它来判断某个节点是否被赋予了某个CSS类。
const hasClass = (el, className) => el.classList.contains(className)
// 事例
hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special') // true
3.如何获取当前页面的滚动位置?
pageXOffset
, pageYOffset
, scrollLeft
, scrollTop
const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({
x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,
y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop
});
// 事例
getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0, y: 200}
4.如何平滑滚动到页面顶部
scrollTop
const scrollToTop = () => {
const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
if (c > 0) {
window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop);
window.scrollTo(0, c - c / 8);
}
}
// 事例
scrollToTop()
window.requestAnimationFrame()
告诉浏览器——你希望执行一个动画,并且要求浏览器在下次重绘之前调用指定的回调函数更新动画。该方法需要传入一个回调函数作为参数,该回调函数会在浏览器下一次重绘之前执行。
requestAnimationFrame
:优势:由系统决定回调函数的执行时机。60Hz的刷新频率,那么每次刷新的间隔中会执行一次回调函数,不会引起丢帧,不会卡顿。
5.如何检查父元素是否包含子元素?
contains
const elementContains = (parent, child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child);
// 事例
elementContains(document.querySelector('head'), document.querySelector('title'));
// true
elementContains(document.querySelector('body'), document.querySelector('body'));
// false
6.如何检查指定的元素在视口中是否可见?
getBoundingClientRect
const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el, partiallyVisible = false) => {
const { top, left, bottom, right } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
const { innerHeight, innerWidth } = window;
return partiallyVisible
? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) &&
((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth))
: top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth;
};
// 事例
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // 需要左右可见
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el, true); // 需要全屏(上下左右)可以见
7.如何获取元素中的所有图像?
getElementsByTagName
const getImages = (el, includeDuplicates = false) => {
const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src'));
return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)];
};
// 事例:includeDuplicates 为 true 表示需要排除重复元素
getImages(document, true); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', 'image1.png', '...']
getImages(document, false); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', '...']
8.如何确定设备是移动设备还是台式机/笔记本电脑?
navigator.userAgent
const detectDeviceType = () =>
/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)
? 'Mobile'
: 'Desktop';
// 事例
detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"
9.How to get the current URL?
window.location.href
const currentURL = () => window.location.href
// 事例
currentURL() // 'https://google.com'
10.如何创建一个包含当前URL参数的对象?
match
, slice
const getURLParameters = url =>
(url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce(
(a, v) => ((a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)), a),
{}
);
// 事例
getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam', s: 'Smith'}
getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}
11.如何将一组表单元素转化为对象?
new FormData
const formToObject = form =>
Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce(
(acc, [key, value]) => ({
...acc,
[key]: value
}),
{}
);
// 事例
formToObject(document.querySelector('#form'));
// { email: 'test@email.com', name: 'Test Name' }
12.如何在等待指定时间后调用提供的函数?
setTimeout
const delay = (fn, wait, ...args) => setTimeout(fn, wait, ...args);
delay(
function(text) {
console.log(text);
},
1000,
'later'
);
// 1秒后打印 'later'
13.如何在给定元素上触发特定事件且能选择地传递自定义数据?
自定义事件的函数有 Event
、CustomEvent
和 dispatchEvent
const triggerEvent = (el, eventType, detail) =>
el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType, { detail }));
// 事例
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click');
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click', { username: 'bob' });
14.如何从元素中移除事件监听器?
removeEventListener
const off = (el, evt, fn, opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt, fn, opts);
const fn = () => console.log('!');
document.body.addEventListener('click', fn);
off(document.body, 'click', fn);
15.如何对传递的URL发出POST请求?
new XMLHttpRequest()
const httpPost = (url, data, callback, err = console.error) => {
const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('POST', url, true);
request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
request.onerror = () => err(request);
request.send(data);
};
const newPost = {
userId: 1,
id: 1337,
title: 'Foo',
body: 'bar bar bar'
};
const data = JSON.stringify(newPost);
httpPost(
'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',
data,
console.log
);
// {"userId": 1, "id": 1337, "title": "Foo", "body": "bar bar bar"}
16.如何将字符串复制到剪贴板?
createElement
const copyToClipboard = str => {
const el = document.createElement('textarea');
el.value = str;
el.setAttribute('readonly', '');
el.style.position = 'absolute';
el.style.left = '-9999px';
document.body.appendChild(el);
const selected =
document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false;
el.select();
document.execCommand('copy');
document.body.removeChild(el);
if (selected) {
document.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
document.getSelection().addRange(selected);
}
};
// 事例
copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum');
// 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard
17.如何创建目录(如果不存在)?
const fs = require('fs');
const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined);
// 事例
createDirIfNotExists('test');