SpringBoot整合rabbitMQ,spring-boot-starter-amqp 的使用

在springBoot项目中使用rabbitMQ是很方便的,spring提供了spring-boot-starter-amqp依赖,只需要简单的配置即可与spring无缝整合

本文不介绍rabbitMQ理论知识,主要介绍在spring中如何使用rabbirMQ

依赖与配置

maven

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        ....
    </dependencies>

配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    username: zolvces
    password: zolvces
    addresses: 192.168.39.128:5672
    cache:
      connection:
#       缓存连接模式,默认一个连接,多个channel
        mode: channel
#        多个连接,多个channel
#        mode: connection

几种交换机

Direct 直连交换机

申明一个消费者,申明一个queue和Exchange(如果他们不存在),并binding

@Component
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue("myDirectQueue"),
        exchange = @Exchange(value = "myDirectExchange", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
        key = "mine.direct"
))
public class MyDirectListener {

    /**
     * listenerAdapter
     *
     * @param msg 消息内容,当只有一个参数的时候可以不加@Payload注解
     */
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(@Payload String msg) {
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

生产者

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private void send() {
        //(交换机,routingKey,消息内容)
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myDirectExchange","mine.direct","this is a message");
    }

Default 默认交换机

默认交换机其实就是直连交换机,可以理解为名称为空字符串的直连交换机,一个queue若不指定binding的交换机,就被绑定到默认交换机上,routingKey为queue的名称

消费者

@Component
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("myDefaultQueue"))
public class MyDefaultListener {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(String msg) {
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

生产者

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    private void send() {
        //(队列,消息内容)
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myDefaultQueue","this is a message");
    }

Fanout 扇型交换机

申明两个消费者,对应queue-one和queue-two 都与 myFanoutExchange绑定,因为是扇形交换机,所以这里的routingKey是随意的

@Component
@RabbitListeners({
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings = @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue("myFanoutQueue-one"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "myFanoutExchange", type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT),
                    key = "key.one")),
    
    @RabbitListener(
            bindings = @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue("myFanoutQueue-two"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "myFanoutExchange", type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT),
                    key = "key.two")),
})
public class MyFanoutListener {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(@Payload String msg, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) {
        System.out.println("来自" + headers.get(AmqpHeaders.CONSUMER_QUEUE) + "的消息:" + msg);
    }

}

生产者

  @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private void send() {
        //(交换机,routingKey,消息内容),routingKey随意
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myFanoutExchange","key.one","this is a message");
    }

Topic 主题交换机

申明多个消费者,假设场景,有人在彩票商店中奖了,各个级别的电视台进行新闻报道.

通配符 # : 一个或多个word, * 一个word

@Component
public class MyTopicListener {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue("province-news-queue"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "news-exchange", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
            key = "province.#"))
    @RabbitHandler
    public void provinceNews(String msg) {
        System.out.println("来自省TV的消息:" + msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue("city-news-queue"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "news-exchange", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
            key = "province.city.#"))
    @RabbitHandler
    public void cityNews(String msg) {
        System.out.println("来自市TV的消息:" + msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue("street-news-queue"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "news-exchange", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
            key = "province.city.street.*"))
    @RabbitHandler
    public void streetNews(String msg) {
        System.out.println("来自街区TV的消息:" + msg);
    }

}

生产者

  @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private void send() {
        //模拟某人在商店买彩票中奖了
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("news-exchange","province.city.street.shop","有人中了大奖");
    }

执行结果

来自省TV的消息:有人中彩票了
来自市TV的消息:有人中彩票了
来自街区TV的消息:有人中彩票了

Headers 头交换机

两个消费者,一个全匹配,一个任意匹配

@Component
public class MyHeadListener {

    /**
     * 任意匹配
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue("headQueue-one"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "myHeadExchange", type = ExchangeTypes.HEADERS),
            arguments = {
                    @Argument(name = "key-one", value = "1"),
                    @Argument(name = "key-two", value = "2"),
                    @Argument(name = "x-match", value = "any")
            }))
    public void anyMatchOnMessage(String msg) {
        System.out.println("来自 headQueue-one " + msg);
    }


    /**
     * 全匹配
     *
     * @param msg
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue("headQueue-two"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "myHeadExchange", type = ExchangeTypes.HEADERS),
            arguments = {
                    @Argument(name = "key-one", value = "1"),
                    @Argument(name = "x-match", value = "all")
            }))
    public void allMatchOnMessage(String msg) {
        System.out.println("来自 headQueue-two " + msg);
    }

}

生产者,上面的两个消费者都能收到消息

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private void send() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myHeadExchange", "", "this is a message", message -> {
            MessageProperties properties = message.getMessageProperties();
            properties.setHeader("key-one", "1");
            return message;
        });
    }

关于@RabbitListener

先看另一种申明消费者的写法

    static final String topicExchangeName = "spring-boot-exchange";

    static final String queueName = "spring-boot";

    /**申明队列
     * @return 
     */
    @Bean
    Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(queueName, false);
    }

    /**申明交换机
     * @return 
     */
    @Bean
    TopicExchange exchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(topicExchangeName);
    }

    /**将交换机与队列绑定
     * @param queue 
     * @param exchange
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("foo.bar.#");
    }


    /** 申明处理消息的适配器,指明用哪个方法处理接收消息,
     * 这里指明了用Receiver的receiveMessage()方法接收消息
     * @param receiver 这是自己注入的对象,里面有一个receiveMessage方法
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
        return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
    }

    /** 申明一个Listener容器,其实就是对应一个消费者(不知道我这样理解对不对)
     * 需要设置连接消息,指明监听哪个queue,受到消息的处理方法
     * @param connectionFactory 
     * @param listenerAdapter
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    SimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                             MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        container.setQueueNames(queueName);
        container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);
        return container;
    }

上面是springBoot的示例写法，可以看到，要申明队列或是交换机或是绑定它们，只需要构造对应的对象放到spring容器里就行,，而申明一个监听者(消费者)则需要构造一个MessageListenerContainer 对象，ListenerContainer至少需要知道如何连接到代理(ConnectionFactory)，监听哪个队列的消息(QueueNames)以及收到消息的处理方法(MessageListenerAdapter).

到这里我们可以猜到，一个@RabbitListener就对应一个MessageListenerContainer，ConnectionFactory被自动注入，队列名称可以用queues，queuesToDeclare，或是bindings里面的queue指定，收到消息的处理方法用@RabbitHandler指定,或是直接把@RabbitListener打在对应的方法上就行.

如何设置交换机,队列的其它属性如Durable,Auto-delete等：用@Bean的方式，构建对应对象,设置对应属性就行，用注解@Queue或是@Exchange里面都有对应属性,设置就行

如何设置消费者的其它属性,如消息确认方式,预处理消息数量等：用@Bean的方式，构建MessageListenerContainer的对象，设置对应属性就行，用注解的话@RabbitListener里指定containerFactory,然后在containerFactory里设置

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