Nginx day 03
1.什么是LNMP架构
LNMP是一套技术的组合使用,L=linux ,N=Nginx , M~=mysql ,P~=php
2.LNMP架构是怎么工作的
image.png
首先Nginx服务是不能处理请求的,当用户发起请求时,Nginx识别不了index.php的请求,它会以location的匹配方式将这个请求通过fastcgi协议发送给PHP,然后PHP解析index.php,解析完之后会将结果返回给Nginx,Nginx再返回给用户。
3.Nginx与PHP 、MYSQL之间是怎么工作的
image.png
1.用户通过http协议发起请求到Nginx
2.Nginx会根据用户的请求进行location规则匹配
3.location如果匹配到的是静态资源,则由Nginx读取本地直接将结果返回给用户
4.location如果匹配到的是动态资源,则由Nginx将请球转发给fastcgi协议
5.fastcgi收到后会将请求交给php-fpm管理进程,php-fpm管理进程接收到后会调用具体的工作进程warrap
6.warrap进程会调用php程序进行解析,如果只是解析代码,PHP直接返回给Nginx结果
7.如果要查询数据库操作,则由PHP连接数据库(用户名和密码)发起查询
4.怎么安装LNMP架构
1.环境准备
1.安装Nginx
1.配置Nginx yum 源
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
2.安装Nginx
[root@web01 ~]# yum install nginx -y
3.启动Nginx
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx
2.安装PHP
1.配置PHP yum源
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/php.repo
[webtatic-php]
name = php Repository
baseurl = http://us-east.repo.webtatic.com/yum/el7/x86_64/
gpgcheck = 0
2.安装PHP(这里安装的是PHP7版本)
[root@web01 ~]# yum remove php-mysql-5.4 php php-fpm php-common #先卸载之前安装过的
[root@web01 ~]# yum -y install php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-xml php71w-fpm php71w-mysqlnd php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-mongodb
3.启动PHP
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
3.安装数据库mariadb-server
1.直接安装
[root@web01 ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y
2启动数据库
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3.配置连接密码
[root@web01 ~]# mysqladmin password oldxu.com
4.测试登录MYSQL
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldxu.com
MariaDB [(none)]>
5.编写PHP连接数据库的代码
[root@web01 ~]# vim /code/mysqli.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "oldxu.com";
// 创建连接
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// 检测连接
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "php连接MySQL数据库成功";
?>
5.Nginx与PHP集成原理
1.编写能解析PHP的Nginx配置文件
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat php.oldxu.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name php.oldxu.com;
root /code;
client_max_body_size 100M;
location / {
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
2.检测语法
[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
3.重启服务
[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
4.创建目录
[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code
5.创建一个info.php文件
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat /code/info.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
6.hosts劫持路径
10.0.0.7 php.oldxu.com (在C盘C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc)
7.最终效果
image.png
5.PHP与MYSQL集成原理
1.启动数据库
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
2.配置连接密码
[root@web01 ~]# mysqladmin password oldxu.com
3.测试登录MYSQL
[root@web01 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldxu.com
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4.编写php连接数据库的代码
[root@web01 code]# cat /code/mysqli.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "oldxu.com";
// 创建连接
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// 检测连接
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "php连接MySQL数据库成功";
?>
5.可以直接使用php命令测试
[root@web01 ~]# php /code/mysqli.php
image.png
6.也可以通过浏览器的方式去测试
image.png
6.通过LNMP架构部署Wordpress、Wecenter
1.部署Wordpress
1.编写Nginx集成PHP的配置文件 (定义域名以及站点的目录位置)
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat blog.oldxu.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.oldxu.com;
root /code/wordpress;
client_max_body_size 20M;
location / {
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
2.根据Nginx配置,初始化环境,然后上传代码
1.准备站点目录
[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code
2.下载wordpress代码
[root@web01 conf.d]# cd /code
[root@web01 conf.d]# rz wordpress-5.2.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@web01 code]# tar xf wordpress-5.2.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
3.创建数据库名
[root@web01 code]# mysql -uroot -poldxu.com
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4.统一Nginx PHP的权限 为 www
[root@web01 ~]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@web01 ~]# useradd -u666 -g666 www
[root@web01 ~]# sed -i '/^user/c user www;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@web01 ~]# chown -R www.www /code
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@web01 ~]# sed -i '/^user/c user = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@web01 ~]# sed -i '/^group/c group = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm
5.重启服务
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
6.域名劫持
10.0.0.7 blog.oldxu.com
7.如果有错,请看日志
[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
(下面错误是在配置文件中忘记指定 root /code/wordpress; 导致)
2019/09/18 16:56:46 [error] 30245#30245: *1 "/etc/nginx/html/index.php" is not found (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.0.0.1, server: blog.oldxu.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "blog.oldxu.com"
8.最后效果
image.png
2.部署Wecenter
1.编写Nginx的配置文件 虚拟主机
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat zh.oldxu.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name zh.oldxu.com;
root /code/zh;
client_max_body_size 100m;
location / {
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
2.上传代码,变更代码的属主和属组
[root@web01 conf.d]# cd /code
[root@web01 conf.d]# rz WeCenter_3-3-2.zip
[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir zh
[root@web01 conf.d]# unzip WeCenter_3-3-2.zip -d /code/zh/
[root@web01 code]# chown -R www.www /code
3.登录数据库.创建库名称
[root@web01 code]# mysql -uroot -poldxu.com
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zh;
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
| zh |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除数据库:drop database 数据库名称
4.重启Nginx服务
[root@web01 code]# systemctl restart nginx
5.配置host劫持
10.0.0.7 zh.oldxu.com
3.部署edusoho视频网站
1.编写Nginx的配置文件 虚拟主机
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim soho.oldxu.com.conf
listen 80;
server_name soho.oldxu.com;
root /code/edusoho/web;
client_max_body_size 100M;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
location / {
index app.php;
location @rewriteapp {
location ~ ^/udisk {
root /code/edusoho/web/app/data/;
}
location ~ ^/(app|app_dev)\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_
script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS off;
fastcgi_param HTTP_X-Sendfile-Type X-Accel-Redirect;
fastcgi_param HTTP_X-Accel-Mapping /udisk=/code/edusoho/w
eb/app/data/udisk;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 128k;
}
# 配置设置图片格式文件
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|swf)$ {
"soho.oldxu.com.conf" 69L, 1941C written
[root@web01 conf.d]#
[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@web01 conf.d]# cd
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/soho.oldxu.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name soho.oldxu.com;
root /code/edusoho/web;
# 日志路径
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
location / {
index app.php;
try_files $uri @rewriteapp;
}
location @rewriteapp {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /app.php/$1 last;
}
location ~ ^/udisk {
internal;
root /code/edusoho/web/app/data/;
}
location ~ ^/(app|app_dev)\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS off;
fastcgi_param HTTP_X-Sendfile-Type X-Accel-Redirect;
fastcgi_param HTTP_X-Accel-Mapping /udisk=/code/edusoho/web/app/data/udisk;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 128k;
}
# 配置设置图片格式文件
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|swf)$ {
# 过期时间为3年
expires 3y;
# 关闭日志记录
access_log off;
# 关闭gzip压缩,减少CPU消耗,因为图片的压缩率不高。
gzip off;
}
# 配置css/js文件
location ~* \.(css|js)$ {
access_log off;
expires 3y;
}
# 禁止用户上传目录下所有.php文件的访问,提高安全性
location ~ ^/files/.*\.(php|php5)$ {
deny all;
}
# 以下配置允许运行.php的程序,方便于其他第三方系统的集成。
location ~ \.php$ {
# [改] 请根据实际php-fpm运行的方式修改
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTPS off;
}
}
2.检测语法
[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
3.重启服务
[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
4.上传代码,变更代码的属主和属组
1.准备站点目录
[root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code
2.下载wordpress代码
[root@web01 conf.d]# cd /code
[root@web01 conf.d]# rz edusoho-8.3.43.zip
[root@web01 code]# unzip edusoho-8.3.43.zip
3.创建数据库名
[root@web01 code]# mysql -uroot -poldxu.com
MariaDB [(none)]> create database soho;
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| edusoho |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| soho |
| test |
| wordpress |
| zh |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5.统一Nginx PHP的权限 为 www
[root@web01 code]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@web01 code]# useradd -u666 -g666 www
[root@web01 code]# sed -i '/^user/c user www;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@web01 code]# chown -R www.www /code
[root@web01 code]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@web01 code]# sed -i '/^user/c user = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@web01 code]# sed -i '/^group/c group = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@web01 code]# systemctl restart php-fpm
6.最终结果
image.png
7.注意,上传大视频无法上传,需要改以下地方
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/php.ini
upload_max_filesize = 100M
post_max_size = 100M
进去搜upload 和post 修改以上两处
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm