Just how much does the Constitution(宪法) protect your digital data(数字信息)? ②The Supreme Court(最高法院) will now consider (考虑)whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant (逮捕令)if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest(第一题).
提出宪法对于人们的数字信息有多少保护作用的疑问,最高法院正在考虑在警察实行任务的过程中是否能够在没有逮捕令的情况下,查看嫌疑人的手机内容。
Constitution(宪法)
The Supreme Court(最高法院)
后面与法院,执法人员相关的词汇还有:
Justices法官
Ruling裁决
judge 法官
court 法院
lawyer律师
defendants(被告人)
①California has asked the justices to refrain from(避免) a sweeping(笼统的) ruling, particularly one that upsets (推翻)the old assumption(假设) that authorities (当局)may search through(搜索) the possessions (财务)of suspects (嫌疑人)at the time of their arrest. ②It is hard, (the state argues) for judges to assess(评估) the implications(影响) of new and rapidly changing (高速发展)technologies.
①The court would be recklessly (鲁莽的)modest if it followed California’s advice. (第二题)②Enough of the implications are discernable(可识别的), even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines(指导方针) to police, lawyers and defendants.(被告人)
这两段的逻辑关系有点难理解,第二段表示的是加利福尼亚周让法官避免笼统的裁决,这些裁决指的是反对让当局在执行公务的时候查看嫌疑人的手机内容的那些裁决,也就是说加利福尼亚州是同意让当局在执行公务的时候查看嫌疑人的手机内容的,给出的理由是,法官们很难在现在判断出高速发展的科技带来的影响。而作者给出态度如果法院同意了加利福尼亚州的提议,那它是鲁莽的,作者的任何科技的影响分明是可识别并且甚至是明显的,说明作者是不认可当局在执行公务的时候查看嫌疑人的手机内容的。并且作者提出,法官应该给警察,辩护律师,以及被告人指导方针。
①They should start by discarding(丢弃) California’s lame(蹩脚的) argument that exploring the contents of a
smartphone—a vast storehouse(仓库) of digital information(数据信息)—is similar to, say, going through(检查) a suspect’s purse. ②The court has ruled that police don’t violate(违背) the Fourth Amendment(第四修正案) when they go through the wallet or pocketbook(钱包) of an arrestee without a warrant. ③But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.(第三题) ④A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence(通信). ⑤The development of “cloud computing(云计算),” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
作者指出应该首先抛弃加利福尼亚州的意见——检查嫌疑人的手机内容就好像警察检查嫌疑人的钱包一样。因为法院曾经规定在执行公务的过程当中检查嫌疑人的钱包是不违背第四修正案的。再一次说明加利福利亚是支持检查嫌疑人的手机内容的。但是作者认为查看嫌疑人的手机内容更像是进入了别人的家,所有的私人信息都有可能被泄露,在此表明作者是反对的。
①Americans should take steps(采取行动) to protect their digital privacy(数字隐私). ②But keeping sensitive information(敏感信息) on these devices(设备) is increasingly a requirement of normal life. ③Citizens (共民)still have a right to (有权)expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition(禁止) on unreasonable searches.
作者呼吁共民采取行动保护自己的信息隐私。应该通过宪法的限制来保证共民的私人信息能够不被无理由的搜查
①As so often is the case(情况通常也是如此), stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. ②In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome(沉重) for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. ③They could still invalidate (使无效)Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased (删除)or altered(更改) while waiting for a warrant. ④The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to (有权)more freedom.
平时的情况是,警察即便获得搜捕令并不难,但是在紧急的情况下,还是会打破第四修正案的规定。
①But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole(swallow吞咽,一个形象的说法). ②New, disruptive (破坏性的)technology sometimes demands novel (新的)applications of the Constitution’s protections. ③Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility(可访问性) of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile(汽车的) use as a virtual necessity (虚拟的必要性)of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify(规定) novel rules for the new personal domain(领域) of the passenger car then; they must sort out (整理)how the Fourth Amendment applies to (适用于)digital information now.(第五题)
作者认为法官不应该认同加利福尼亚的观点。应该调整宪法修正案来适用于数字信息。
[if !supportLists]21. [endif]The Supreme Court will work out(解决) whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate(合法的) to(细节题)
这一题里面不仅仅是考查考生对于文章信息的把握,还有对于词组的理解。A选项的意思是搜索嫌疑人的手机,而B选项是检查嫌疑人的电话内容。二者是不一样的,而本文要说的是警察在执行公务过程中是否应该检查手机内容,而不是搜索手机本身。
[A]search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.
[B]check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.
[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
[if !supportLists]22. [endif]The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of(作者态度题)
[A]tolerance. [B]indifference(冷漠的)——“小墓碑选项”.
[C]disapproval. [D]cautiousness.
第三段开头作者便指明The court would be recklessly (鲁莽的)modest if it followed California’s advice. 后面又一再地否认加利福尼亚的做法,呼吁共民要保护自己的隐私。
[if !supportLists]23. [endif]The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to(细节题)
[A]getting into one’s residence.(住宅)
[B]handling one’s historical records.
[C]scanning one’s correspondences.
[D]going through one’s wallet.
本题中的四个选项皆有提到,但是BC选项的内容实际上是说检查嫌疑人手机内容的时候可能会做的事情,D选项是加利福尼亚用来为自己辩解的一个例子。注意区分不要混淆。
[if !supportLists]24. [endif]In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that(细节题)
[A]principles are hard to be clearly expressed.(并不是难以表达清楚,而是即便表达清楚,警察也常常不照做)
[B]the court is giving police less room for action.(与文章相反)
[C]phones are used to store sensitive information.(有提及,但是作者担心的是敏感信息被泄露而非手机被用来储存敏感信息)
[D]citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.
在第五,六段,作者反复地提到保护公民隐私的话题。
[if !supportLists]25. [endif]Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(细节题)
文章最后和文章最后一段第二句表明,新技术的需要宪法的新的解释,也就是说要对宪法做出改善。并且拿汽车的使用来做例子。
[A]the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.
[B]new technology requires reinterpretation(重新解释) of the Constitution.
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered.
文章主要行文脉络:
提出法院的面临的问题:是否应该允许警察在执行公务的时候在没有得到搜捕令的情况下检查嫌疑人的手机内容——>加利福尼亚州的观点认为是应该被允许的——>作者认为不可以并且呼吁公众采取措施保护自己的隐私安全——>作者认为宪法应该做出修改。