注：所有操作皆以hive用户运行

1.下载hive版本包apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz进行解压

[hive@xgit3 ~]$ tar zxvf apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz

2.修改配置文件

• 配置hive-env.sh

[hive@xgit3 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]$ cd conf/
[hive@xgit3 conf]$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
[hive@xgit3 conf]$ vim hive-site.xml

 配置内容如下：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_212-amd64
# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.2

# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/conf

# Folder containing extra libraries required for hive compilation/execution can be controlled by:
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib

• 配置hive-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:postgresql://10.90.15.223:5432/hive</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>org.postgresql.Driver</value>
        <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>hive</value>
        <description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>hive</value>
        <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.exec.local.scratchdir</name>
        <value>/home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/tmp</value>
        <description>Local scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
        <value>/user/hive/tmp</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
        <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.querylog.location</name>
        <value>/user/hive/log</value>
        <description>Location of Hive run time structured log file</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.downloaded.resources.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/tmp/${hive.session.id}_resources</value>
        <description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>datanucleus.schema.autoCreateAll</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <!--hiveserver2的配置-->
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
        <value>10000</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
        <value>10.90.15.223</value>
    </property>
    <!--<property>
            <name>hive.server2.transport.mode</name>
            <value>binary</value>
            <description>
            Expects one of [binary, http].
            Transport mode of HiveServer2.
            </description>
    </property>-->
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.active.passive.ha.enable</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

• 配置日志文件

[hive@xgit3 conf]$ cp hive-log4j2.properties.template hive-log4j2.properties
[hive@xgit3 conf]$ vim hive-log4j2.properties

 配置内容如下：

status = INFO
name = HiveLog4j2
packages = org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.log

# list of properties
property.hive.log.level = INFO
property.hive.root.logger = DRFA
property.hive.log.dir = /home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/logs
property.hive.log.file = hive.log
property.hive.perflogger.log.level = INFO

• 配置hadoop配置文件core-site.xml，添加如下内容：

<property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hive.hosts</name>
    <value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups</name>
    <value>*</value>
</property>

 修改完需要重启Hdfs服务

3.上传postgres驱动包到hive的lib目录

下载postgresql-42.2.5.jar，并上传服务器

4.创建hdfs目录，并赋权

[hadoop@xgit3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /user
[hadoop@xgit3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /tmp
[hadoop@xgit3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -chmod 777 /user
[hadoop@xgit3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -chmod 777 /tmp

5.在postgresql数据库中创建hive用户和hive库

[postgres@xgit3 pgsql]$ psql
psql.bin (10.18)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

postgres=# create user hive with password 'hive123';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create database hive owner hive;  -- 创建数据库指定所属者
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# grant all on database hive to hive;  -- 将hive库所有权限赋值给hive用户
GRANT
postgres=# \l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 hive      | hive     | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =Tc/hive             +
           |          |          |             |             | hive=CTc/hive
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

postgres=#

6.初始化hive元数据库

[hive@xgit3 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]$ ./bin/schematool -dbType postgres -initSchema

7.启动metastore服务和hiveserver2服务

[hive@xgit3 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]$ nohup ./bin/hive --service metastore >> metastore.log &
[hive@xgit3 apache-hive-3.1.2-bin]$ nohup ./bin/hive --service hiveserver2 >> hiveserver2.log &

问题解决：

• 报错一

MetaException(message:com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:93)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8661)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8656)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.startMetaStore(HiveMetaStore.java:8926)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.main(HiveMetaStore.java:8843)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V
        at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1357)
        at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1338)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.correctAutoStartMechanism(ObjectStore.java:641)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getDataSourceProps(ObjectStore.java:572)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setConf(ObjectStore.java:349)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:77)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:157)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:125)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.<init>(RawStoreProxy.java:59)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.getProxy(RawStoreProxy.java:67)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.newRawStoreForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:718)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMSForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:696)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:690)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:767)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore.java:538)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invokeInternal(RetryingHMSHandler.java:147)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.invoke(RetryingHMSHandler.java:108)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:80)
        ... 11 more
Exception in thread "main" MetaException(message:com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:93)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8661)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:8656)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.startMetaStore(HiveMetaStore.java:8926)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.main(HiveMetaStore.java:8843)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:323)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:236)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V
        at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1357)
        at org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration.set(Configuration.java:1338)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.correctAutoStartMechanism(ObjectStore.java:641)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.getDataSourceProps(ObjectStore.java:572)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.setConf(ObjectStore.java:349)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.setConf(ReflectionUtils.java:77)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:157)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils.newInstance(ReflectionUtils.java:125)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.<init>(RawStoreProxy.java:59)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.getProxy(RawStoreProxy.java:67)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.newRawStoreForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:718)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMSForConf(HiveMetaStore.java:696)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:690)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:767)

排查后发现是hive内依赖的guava.jar和hadoop内的版本不一致造成的，更换为相同的高版本就ok了

[root@xgit3 lib]# scp /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-27.0-jre.jar hive@xgit3:/home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib
[root@xgit3 lib]# rm -rf /home/hive/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/guava-19.0.jar