一起翻译一本书，公众号“追随己心”将带领大家一起翻译《Beyond Feelings: A Guide to Critical Thinking》，将学习了多年的英语真正用起来，体会原版书籍和英文的美。
The Influence of Time and Place
时间和空间的影响
Not only are you a member of a particular species,Homo sapiens,but you also exist a particular time in the history of that species and in particular place on the planet. That time and place are defined by specific circumstances, understandings, beliefs,and customs,all of which limit your experience and influence you thought patterns. If you had lived in America in colonial times, you likely would have had no objection to the practice of barring women from serving on jury, entering into a legal contract, owning property, or voting. If you had lived in nineteenth century,you would have had no objection to young children being denied an education and being hired out by their parents to work sixteen hours a day,nor would you have given any thought to the special needs of adolescence. (The concept of adolescence was not invented until 1904.)
你不仅仅是“智人”这个特殊物种一员，而且所处的也只是这个物种进化历史之中的某一个特殊的时间，生存在这个星球的某一个特定的空间。这个时间和空间是由特定的环境、共识、信仰和习惯所构成的，这些都限制了你的阅历，并影响你的思维模式。如果你生活在殖民地时期的美洲，那你可能不会反对阻止女性参加陪审团、签订合法契约、拥有财产或参与选举的做法。如果你生活在19世纪，你也许不会反对父母不让儿童接受教育并使他们接受每天工作16小时的雇佣，你也不会关心他们青春期的特别需要。（直到1904年才有人提出青春期概念。）
species ['spiːʃiːz; -ʃɪz; 'spiːs-] n. [生物]物种；种类adj.物种上的
specific [spə'sɪfɪk] n.特性；细节；特效药adj.特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的；[药]具有特效的
circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns; ˈsɜːkəmstɑːns;ˈsɜːkəmstæns] n.环境，情况；事件；境遇
colonial [kə'ləʊnɪəl] n.殖民地居民adj.殖民地的，殖民的
objection [əb'dʒekʃ(ə)n] n.异议，反对；缺陷，缺点；妨碍；拒绝的理由
practice ['præktɪs] n.实践；练习；惯例vi.练习；实习；实行vt.练习；实习；实行
barring ['bɑːrɪŋ] prep.除非；不包括；除…以外v.阻拦（bar的ing形式）n. (Barring)人名；(德)巴林
jury ['dʒʊərɪ] n. [法]陪审团；评判委员会adj.应急的n. (Jury)人名；(西)胡里；(英、法)朱里；(德)尤里
denied [dɪ'naɪd] v.拒绝；拒签（deny的过去式）
adolescence [ædə'les(ə)ns] n.青春期
If you had been raised in the Middle East,you would stand much closer to people you converse with than you do in America.If you had been raised in India, you might be perfectly comfortable having your parents choose your spouse for you. If your native languge were Spanish and your knowledge of English modest, you probably would be confused by some English colloquialisms. James Henslin offers two amusing examples of such confusion: Chevrolet Novas initially sold very poorly in Mexico becauseno vain Spanish means “it doesn’t work”; and Perdue chickens were regarded with a certain suspicion (or worse) because the company’s slogan—“It takes a tough man to make a tender chicken”—becamein Spanish “It takes an aroused man to make a chicken affectionate.”
如果你生长于中东，那你与人交谈时站的会比你在美国时近得多。如果生长于印度，那你也许会完全适应由父母选择你的配偶。如果你的母语是西班牙语而且英语知识有限，那么你可能会被某些英语俗语弄糊涂了。詹姆斯·亨斯宁(James Henslin)提供了两个这种困惑的有趣事例：雪佛兰诺瓦斯(Chevrolet Novas)汽车最初在墨西哥销售很不畅，是因为no va在西班牙语中的意思是“它开不动”；帕尔杜鸡(Perdue chicken)一度遭受舆论质疑（甚至更糟），因为该公司的口号“硬汉才能做出鲜嫩的鸡肉”在西班牙语中变成了“硬汉才能让鸡燃起欲火”。
converse [kən'vɜːs；ˈkɒn-] adj.相反的，逆向的；颠倒的vi.交谈，谈话；认识n.逆行，逆向；倒；相反的事物n. (Converse)人名；(英)康弗斯n.匡威（服装品牌）
colloquialism [kə'ləʊkwɪəlɪz(ə)m] n. 白话，口语；口语体；方言用语
slogan ['sləʊg(ə)n] n. 标语；呐喊声
affectionate [ə'fekʃ(ə)nət] adj. 深情的；adj. 充满爱的；
People who grow up in Europe, Asia, or South America have very different ideas of punctuality. As Daniel Goleman explains, “Five minutes is late but permissible for a business appointment in the U.S., but thirty minutes is normal in Arab countries. In England five to fifteen minutes is the ‘correct’ lateness for one invited todinner; an Italian might come two hours late, an Ethiopian still later, a Javanese not at all, having accepted only to prevent his host’s losing face.”A different ethnic origin would also mean different tastes in food. Instead of craving a New York Strip steak and french fries, you might crave “raw monkey brains” or“camel’s milk cheese patties cured in dry camel’s dung” and washed down with“warm camel’s blood.” Sociologist Ian Robertson summed up the range of global dietary differences succinctly: “Americans eat oysters but not snails. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Zulus eat locusts but not fish. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russians eat beef but not snakes. The Chinese eat snakes but not people. The Jalé of New Guinea find people delicious.”[Note: The reference to Hindus is mistaken.]
生长于欧洲、亚洲或南美的人拥有非常不同的守时观念。正如丹尼尔·古尔曼（Daniel Goleman）所说明的，“5分钟已经算是迟到，但在美国商务会面时是可容忍的，但是，在阿拉伯国家，迟到30分钟是正常的。在英国，一个人受邀请共进晚餐，5到1 5分钟属于‘恰当’的迟到时间；一个意大利人也许会迟到两个小时；埃塞俄比亚人会更迟；爪哇人甚至根本不来，接受邀请目的仅仅是不让主人没面子。”不同的文化渊源也会意味着不同的口味食物。你也许不喜欢纽约客牛排和法国薯条，而是渴望“活猴脑”或者就着鲜骆驼血一起咽下“用干骆驼粪熏制的骆驼奶酪馅饼”。社会学家伊安·罗伯逊(lan Robertson)简明地总结了全球饮食差异：“美国人吃牡蛎却不吃蜗牛。法国人吃蜗牛却不吃蝗虫。祖鲁人吃蝗虫却不吃鱼类。犹太人吃鱼类却不吃猪肉。印度人吃猪肉却不吃牛肉。俄罗斯人吃牛肉却不吃蛇。中国人吃蛇却不吃人肉。新几内亚人认为人肉鲜美。”[注：有关印度人的描述有误]
punctuality [,pʌŋktjʊ'ælɪtɪ] n.严守时间；正确；规矩
ethnic ['eθnɪk] adj. 种族的；人种的
craving ['kreɪvɪŋ] n. 渴望；热望v. 渴望；恳求（crave的ing形式）
succinctly [sək'siŋktli] 简洁地；简便地
To sum up, living in a different age or culture would make you a different person. Even if you rebelled against the values of your time and place, they still would represent the context of your life—in other words, they still would influence your responses.
总之，生活在不同的时代或文化背景下会使你成为一个不同的人。即使你叛逆你所处的时间和空间的价值观，它们仍然会代表你生活的环境——换句话说，它们依然会影响你作出的反应。
represent [reprɪ'zent] vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送vi. 代表；提出异议
