环境

系统：CentOS 7.8
软件：mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

安装

• 下载二进制包

  • 浏览器下载：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
  • wget下载：wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

• 安装依赖

  yum install -y libaio
  

• 创建MySQL用户

  useradd mysql
  

• 解压二进制包

  tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
  mv mysql-5.7.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
  

• 配置环境变量

  cat << EOF >> /etc/profile
  
  # mysql
  export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:\$PATH
  EOF
  

  source /etc/profile
  

配置

• 配置my.cnf

  mkdir /usr/local/mysql/etc
  touch /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
  ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf /etc/
  

  cat << EOF > /etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld_safe]
  log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.err
  
  [mysqld]
  datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql/tmp
  socket=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
  user=mysql
  
  character_set_server=utf8mb4
  
  default-storage-engine=INNODB
  innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
  
  slow_query_log=1
  slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.slow
  long_query_time=2
  
  server_id=1
  log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/log-bin/log-bin
  binlog_format=MIXED
  expire_logs_days=7
  
  max_connections=1000
  
  [client]
  socket=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
  EOF
  

• 配置数据和日志目录

  mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,log,log-bin,run,tmp}
  ln -s /data/mysql/{data,log,log-bin,run,tmp} /usr/local/mysql/
  
  touch /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.err
  
  chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
  

• 初始化

  mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  
  输出如下：
  ......
  A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: xxx
  

  记住生成的临时密码xxx

启动

• 启动

  cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  chkconfig --add mysqld
  chkconfig mysqld on
  /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
  

• 运行安全配置向导

  mysql_secure_installation -S /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
  
  输入如下：
  Enter password for user root: 输入刚才的临时密码
  New password:
  Re-enter new password:
  Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n
  Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
  Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
  Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
  Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
  Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
  

配置账户权限

• root账户远程访问

  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
  
  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;