Market Positions
市场地位
Market dominance is how strong a company’s brand, services or products are compared to its competitor. Typically, there are four types of market dominance categories.
市场控制是公司的品牌、服务或者产品跟他们的竞争者相比有多强。典型地，有四种市场统治力分类的类型。
Leader: A market leader has the largest market share in its industry. It holds a dominant position. Market leaders are usually the first to develop new products and business methods. In order to maintain their position, most market leaders invest heavily in research and development.
领导者：市场领导者有在行业里最大的市场份额。它保持着统治地位。市场领导者通常首先研发新产品或者商业决策。为了保持他们的地位，大多市场领导者在研究发展方面投资巨大。
Challenger: A market challenger has a strong position in the market, but not a dominant market share. It may adopt an aggressive strategy to increase its market share. Challenger can also increase their market share by focusing on an area that market leader has overlooked.
挑战者：市场挑战者在市场里有强地位，但没有统治性的市场份额。它也许会采取激进的策略来增加市场份额。挑战者也可以通过关注市场领导者忽略的领域来增加他们的市场份额。
Follower: A market follower doesn’t have a strong position in the market. It doesn’t take risks and usually copy other company’s products or strategies. They do not focus on increasing their market share, But by adopting the best practices of other company, they can maintain a stable position in the market.
跟随者：市场跟随者在市场中没有强地位。他们不冒险，通常复制其他公司的产品或者策略。他们不关注增长他们的市场份额。但是通过采取其他公司的最佳实践，他们能在市场中保持稳定的地位。
Nicher: A nicher is a company that concentrates on a specialized market. Nichers typically provide products or services that are not offered by other companies. By establishing a niche, a company can avoid competition while making a profit.
缝隙市场：缝隙市场是公司专注的特定市场。缝隙市场一般提供其他公司不提供的产品或者服务。通过建立缝隙，公司能在盈利的时候避免竞争。
总结
1.R & D = Research and development eg. Most leaders invest heavily in R & D to maintain their position.
2.dominant 统治性 eg. I must hold a dominant position to win.
3.overlook 忽视 eg. It focuses on the area that they have overlooked.
