镜像是什么
镜像是一种轻量级、可执行的独立软件包，用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件，它包含运行某个软件所需要的所有内容，包括代码、运行时、库、环境变量和配置文件。
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如何得到镜像
- 从远程仓库下载
- 朋友拷给你
- 自己制作一个镜像DockerFile
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如何提交一个自己的镜像
docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的副本
# 命令和git原理类似
docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者信息" 容器ID 目标镜像名:[TAG]
# 实战测试
# 1 拉一个默认tomcat
# 2 创建一个镜像通过这个tomcat
# 3 在容器中做了一些改动
# 4 将我们改动过的该容器通过commit命令提交成为一个镜像，我们以后就可以使用我们修改过的镜像。
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卷技术
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# -v 宿主机目录:容器目录
# 执行该命令 会实现宿主机的文件和容器对应的文件双向同步
假设我们将容器删除 宿主机的卷目录文件不会丢失
docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
-v 容器内路径 # 匿名挂载 # 匿名挂载
-v 卷名：容器内路径 # 具名挂载 # 具名挂载
-v 宿主机路径：容器内路径 # 指定路径挂载
用 docker inspect 命令
# 查看所有卷信息
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 01bcf673e6f4b90c490131b7bee3a05a009ee6715002ed5c36e80d186eb10835
local 3b8b83129dc184fb3ef4dad78de41cb33723330da3aa914612bdc3e77308bb20
local 30d6c837ccfdd2e8aebbd84099a620b2e734061486ea5818fc8fc0446e824c7d
local 2264d1422eb42315aa3d9162bc29650def065611c5ceb515a55df4bac537e677
-d 后天运行
-v 卷挂在
后跟：ro 意思智能在宿主机可以对卷目录文件进行更改
后跟：rw 意思可读可写 默认该属性
-p 端口号：容器端口号
-e 环境配置
-it 交互环境
···
## 通过dockerfile创建一个镜像
```sh
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 dockerFolder]# vi Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER 沈波<shenbo33@qq.com>
COPY readMe.txt /usr/local/readMe.txt
ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt/jar;$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh && tail -f /url/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out
~
~
~
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 dockerFolder]# docker build -t diytomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 196.8MB
Step 1/15 : FROM centos
---> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER 沈波<shenbo33@qq.com>
---> Running in e40c8f6c521a
Removing intermediate container e40c8f6c521a
---> 9e88bd3cfabb
Step 3/15 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
COPY failed: stat /var/lib/docker/tmp/docker-builder191426742/readme.txt: no such file or directory
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 dockerFolder]# vi Dockerfile
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 dockerFolder]# docker build -t diytomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 196.8MB
Step 1/15 : FROM centos
---> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER 沈波<shenbo33@qq.com>
---> Using cache
---> 9e88bd3cfabb
Step 3/15 : COPY readMe.txt /usr/local/readMe.txt
---> 3ea74fcc87bb
Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
---> cb63920eda3f
Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.39.tar.gz /usr/local/
---> 737d2ca06b6e
Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in d657481ea65f
CentOS-8 - AppStream 862 kB/s | 5.8 MB 00:06
CentOS-8 - Base 693 kB/s | 2.2 MB 00:03
CentOS-8 - Extras 7.8 kB/s | 8.6 kB 00:01
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-15.el8 AppStream 39 k
vim-common x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 6.3 M
vim-filesystem noarch 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 48 k
which x86_64 2.21-12.el8 BaseOS 49 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 5 Packages
Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 344 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 657 kB/s | 48 kB 00:00
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 201 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 920 kB/s | 1.4 MB 00:01
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:04
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 929 kB/s | 7.8 MB 00:08
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.4 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 1/5
Installing : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 2/5
Installing : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5
Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5
Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5
Installing : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 4/5
Verifying : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64
vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64
Complete!
Removing intermediate container d657481ea65f
---> f323e354ccf8
Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
---> Running in 8d32564e35b5
Removing intermediate container 8d32564e35b5
---> 450ff758eccc
Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
---> Running in 2f3417ea81e2
Removing intermediate container 2f3417ea81e2
---> d37a6175bff9
Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
---> Running in 628a70224bc4
Removing intermediate container 628a70224bc4
---> fddad3c34e7f
Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt/jar;$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
---> Running in c3b8d38d9a6d
Removing intermediate container c3b8d38d9a6d
---> 36da77f55021
Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
---> Running in 754056550bfb
Removing intermediate container 754056550bfb
---> 15cd31e5906b
Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39
---> Running in 35db38572486
Removing intermediate container 35db38572486
---> ddccbaa2a70e
Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
---> Running in 80a3b8b0dde7
Removing intermediate container 80a3b8b0dde7
---> bcf8a2d48774
Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Running in b30c67031cc3
Removing intermediate container b30c67031cc3
---> b1765dd16f62
Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.22/bin/startup.sh && tail -f /url/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.39/logs/catalina.out
---> Running in ac83a4a59691
Removing intermediate container ac83a4a59691
---> 83cad58663eb
Successfully built 83cad58663eb
Successfully tagged diytomcat:latest
[root@instance-0mr70vm9 dockerFolder]#
