centos 安装oracle 11g r2（一）-----软件安装
1、进入管理员权限
[anzerong@localhost ~]# su - root password
[root@localhost ~]#
2、创建用户组oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
3、创建用户组dba
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
4、创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle
5、设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle
Changing passwordforuser oracle.
New password:# 密码BAD PASSWORD:
The passwordisshorter than characters
Retypenewpassword:# 再次输入密码passwd:
all authentication tokens updated successfully.
6、查看新建的oracle用户
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
7、进入根目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /.
8、创建oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/oracle
9、创建oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory
10、创建oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/database
11、创建完后检查一下
[root@localhost /]# cd /data
[root@localhostdata]# ls database oracle oraInventory
12、设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
13、修改OS系统标识（oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，但是centos与redhat的关系自行百度）
[root@localhost data]#cat /proc/version
Linuxversion3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64(builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version4.8.520150623(Red Hat4.8.5-11) (GCC) )#1SMPTueJul415:04:05UTC2017
[root@localhost data]#cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOSLinuxrelease7.3.1611(Core)
[root@localhost data]#vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]#cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7
14、安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
[root@localhostdata]# yum install binutils compat-libcap1 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel glibc elfutils-libelf-devel compat*
[root@ljg ~]#yum install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*
15、查看防火墙状态（运行中）
[root@localhost data]#systemctl status
firewalld.service●firewalld.service-firewalld-dynamicfirewalldaemonLoaded:loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendorpreset: enabled)Active:active(running)sinceWed2017-09-1309:23:08CST;25minagoDocs:man:firewalld(1)MainPID:641(firewalld)CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service└─641/usr/bin/python-Es/usr/sbin/firewalld--nofork--nopidSep1309:22:58localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Startingfirewalld-dynami...Sep1309:23:08localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Startedfirewalld-dynamic...Hint:Somelineswereellipsized,use-ltoshowinfull.
16、关闭防火墙
[root@localhostdata]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
17、查看防火墙状态（已关闭）
[root@localhostdata]#systemctl status
firewalld.service●firewalld.service-firewalld-dynamicfirewalldaemon Loaded:loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service;
enabled;vendorpreset:enabled) Active:inactive(dead)sinceWed2017-09-1309:48:55CST;10sago Docs:man:firewalld(1) Process:641ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld--nofork--nopid$FIREWALLD_ARGS(code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)MainPID:641(code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)Sep1309:22:58localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Startingfirewalld-dynami...Sep1309:23:08localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Startedfirewalld-dynamic...Sep1309:48:54localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Stoppingfirewalld-dynami...Sep1309:48:55localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]:Stoppedfirewalld-dynamic...Hint:Somelineswereellipsized,use-ltoshowinfull.
18、禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）
[root@localhost data]# systemctl disable
firewalld.serviceRemovedsymlink/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.Removedsymlink/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
19、关闭selinux（需重启生效）
[root@localhostdata]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/selinux/config
/etc/selinux/config 最终文档为：
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
#此处修改为disabled
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
20、修改内核参数（加入斜体部分）
[root@local++hostdata]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
#设置最大打开文件数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
21、使配置修改内核的参数生效
[root@localhostdata]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
#设置最大打开文件数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
22、对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（斜体为添加部分）
[root@localhostdata]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#
#
#Where:
# can be:
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
# can have the two values:
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
# can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# End of file
23、配置用户的环境变量（斜体部分为添加代码）
[root@localhostdata]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhostdata]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin
export PATH
#oracle数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/app
#oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
#xterm窗口模式安装
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
#添加系统环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:PATH
#添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
#防止安装过程出现乱码
export LANG=C
#设置Oracle客户端字符集，必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
24、使用户的环境变量配置立即生效
[root@localhostdata]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
25、将安装包移动到/usr/local/src路径下
[root@localhost ~]# cd /.
[root@localhost /]# cd /home/anzerong/Desktop/
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /usr/local/src
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /usr/local/src
26、重启系统，确保所有设置生效
[root@localhost Desktop]# reboot
27、从oracle用户进入/usr/local/src目录
[oracle@localhost/]$ cd /usr/local/src
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ ls p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip.zip
28、解压两个软件包至/data/database/目录下
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /data/database
/#解压(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip -d /data/database/
#解压(省略...)
29、进入管理员权限
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ su root Password:
30、设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhost src]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
31、执行安装脚本
[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /data/database/database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ls
doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
(省略...)
如失败，执行下面命令
./runInstaller -jreLoc /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.232.b09-0.el7_7.x86_64/jre/
oracle图形化安装界面打开
图形界面打不开执行下面代码
root用户，在同一和命令窗口下，命令：（一行一个）
export DISPLAY=localhost:1.0
xhost +
32、==++Configure Security Updates++==
去掉 I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support.
点击 “Nest >”
33、==++Installation Option++==
选择第二项 Install database software only
点击 “Nest >”
34、==++Grid Options++==
选择单例模式 Single instance database installation
点击 “Nest >”
35、==++Product Languages++==
选择英语 English（根据系统默认选择好了）
点击 “Nest >”
36、==++Database Edition++==
选择第一个企业版
37、==++Installation Location++==
确定数据软件的安装路径，自动读取前面Oracle环境变量中配置的值
点击 “Nest >”
38、==++Create Inventory++==
选择默认，不做修改
点击 “Nest >”
39、==++Operation System Groups++==
全部使用dba用户组
点击 “Nest >”
40、==++Prepequisite Checks++==
按照提示信息一个一个解决
点击 “Nest >”
PS：pdksh安装
1、卸载已安装的ksh
[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -e pdksh*[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -e ksh*
2、下载pdksh-5.2.14-21.x86_64.rpm
3、安装
[root@localhost Desktop]#rpm-ivhpdksh-5.2.14-21.x86_64.rpm--force--nodeps
按提示解决缺少的依赖包，之后点击 “Check Again”
4、弹窗，第一个看不到按键alt+y；第二个弹窗看不到按键enter。
可以忽略缺少的32bit依赖包
41、==++Summary++==
点击 “Finsh”
42、==++Install Product++==
在此过程中，安装界面会变成黑色，有一长条出现（其实是一个提示框），调整高度与宽度查看，
或者可以直接右键选择close
43、==++Finish++==
