Docker实现Mariadb分库分表、读写分离

[TOC]

一、简介

本文使用docker实现mysql主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

二、环境准备

1.基础环境

java

java version "1.8.0_111"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)

docker

Client:
 Version:   18.03.0-ce
 API version:   1.37
 Go version:    go1.9.4
 Git commit:    0520e24
 Built: Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018
 OS/Arch:   linux/amd64
 Experimental:  false
 Orchestrator:  swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:  18.03.0-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.4
  Git commit:   0520e24
  Built:    Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018
  OS/Arch:  linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

三、安装Mysql主从配置

1.部署信息

节点名称	数据名称	节点IP	端口
master	marster	192.168.92.50	3306
slave	slave	192.168.92.51	3307
mycat	mycat	192.168.92.50	8066/9066

2.主节点配置文件

创建mysql主节点配置文件

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data

创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin  #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]  
default-character-set=utf8
[client]  
default-character-set=utf8

创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin 
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql]  
default-character-set=utf8
[client]  
default-character-set=utf8

3.创建mysql容器

此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器

创建主节点myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

创建从节点mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4.开启主从复制

step 1 进入主节点

docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p

step 2 创建用户

create user  'backUser'@'%'  identified by 'root';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';

flush privileges;

show master status;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |      787 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -proot

change master to master_host='192.168.92.50',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;

开启主从复制：

start slave;

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否OK

show slave status \G;


*************************** 1. row ***************************
                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                   Master_Host: 192.168.92.50
                   Master_User: backUser
                   Master_Port: 3306
                 Connect_Retry: 60
               Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343
                Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                 Relay_Log_Pos: 556
         Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Slave出现2个YES,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装Mycat

下载mycat在50节点实现安装

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz

mv mycat/ /usr/local/

修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <system>
    <property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
    <property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
    <property name="useSqlStat">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
    <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
    <property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>
    <property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>
    <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
    <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
    <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
        <!--单位为m-->
        <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
        <!--单位为k-->
        <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
        <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
        <!--单位为m-->
        <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
        <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换  -->
        <property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
        <!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
        <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
        <!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
        <property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
        <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
    </system>
    <user name="root">
        <property name="password">123456</property>
        <property name="schemas">test</property>
    </user>
</mycat:server>

上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。

配置rule规则
修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

    <schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
         <table name="tb_user"   primaryKey="id"  autoIncrement="true"  dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="userrule" />
        <table name="tb_category" primaryKey="id" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="categoryrule" />
    </schema>
    <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
    <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="db2" />
    <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" />
    <dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="localhost1" database="db4" />

    <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
              writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <!-- 读写分离配置 -->
        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.92.50:3306" user="root"
                   password="123456">
            <readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.92.51:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
        </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。

dataNode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应dataHost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。

配置表分片规则文件rule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <!-- 配置数据库规则 -->
    <tableRule name="userrule">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <!-- 配置数据库test tb_category规则 -->
    <tableRule name="categoryrule">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <function name="murmur"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
        <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
        <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
        <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
        <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 
            用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
    </function>

    <function name="crc32slot"
              class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
    </function>
    <function name="hash-int"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
        <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
        <!-- how many data nodes -->
        <property name="count">3</property>
    </function>

    <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
        <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
        <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
    </function>
    <function name="latestMonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
        <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
    </function>
    <function name="partbymonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
        <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
        <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
    </function>
    
    <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
            <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
    </function>
    
    <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
        <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
    </function>
</mycat:rule>

上述文件重点关注第一个tableRule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中 func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了PartitionByLong分片算法。

conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：

TB_USER.HISIDS=
TB_USER.MINID=1
TB_USER.MAXID=20000
TB_USER.CURID=1

主要申明了主键增长的策略。

四、Mycat分库分表实践测试

1.master节点手动创建数据库

master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)

此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。

EFY0Pg.png

2.开启mycat

使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat

./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止 
./mycat console 前台运行    
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停    
./mycat status 查看启动状态

如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。

FATAL  | wrapper  | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory

如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。

[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
Mycat-server is running (5065).

上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。

2.放行mycat通信端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例

docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  -d longhronshens/mycat-docker

或者关闭防火墙。

3. mycat连接

使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)

EFDKaR.png

使用命令连接mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

管理端命令：

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066

查看虚拟逻辑库：

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| test     |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

使用逻辑库创建表：

MySQL [(none)]> use test;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
  `password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码，加密存储',
  `phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号',
  `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱',
  `created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
  `updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表

EFD4J0.png

在创建一张表：

CREATE TABLE `tb_category`  (
  `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',
  `sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',
  `created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

插入一条数据：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');

为测试分库效果，我们插入不同ID的数据来观察一下：

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。

查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>  show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME   | TYPE  | HOST          | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME    | STOP  |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |       1 |     0 | idle   |   30000 | 1,9,6        | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |       1 |     0 | idle   |   30000 | 1,9,67381    | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)

上述 RS_CODE 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。

查询mycat所有命令：

MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATEMENT                                                    | DESCRIPTION                                |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current                                          | Report current timestamp                   |
| show @@time.startup                                          | Report startup timestamp                   |
| show @@version                                               | Report Mycat Server version                |
| show @@server                                                | Report server status                       |
| show @@threadpool                                            | Report threadPool status                   |
| show @@database                                              | Report databases                           |
| show @@datanode                                              | Report dataNodes                           |
| show @@datanode where schema = ?                             | Report dataNodes                           |
| show @@datasource                                            | Report dataSources                         |
| show @@datasource where dataNode = ?                         | Report dataSources                         |
| show @@datasource.synstatus                                  | Report datasource data synchronous         |
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?                     | Report datasource data synchronous detail  |
| show @@datasource.cluster                                    | Report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor                                             | Report processor status                    |
| show @@command                                               | Report commands status                     |
| show @@connection                                            | Report connection status                   |
| show @@cache                                                 | Report system cache usage                  |
| show @@backend                                               | Report backend connection status           |
| show @@session                                               | Report front session details               |
| show @@connection.sql                                        | Report connection sql                      |
| show @@sql.execute                                           | Report execute status                      |
| show @@sql.detail where id = ?                               | Report execute detail status               |
| show @@sql                                                   | Report SQL list                            |
| show @@sql.high                                              | Report Hight Frequency SQL                 |
| show @@sql.slow                                              | Report slow SQL                            |
| show @@sql.resultset                                         | Report BIG RESULTSET SQL                   |
| show @@sql.sum                                               | Report  User RW Stat                       |
| show @@sql.sum.user                                          | Report  User RW Stat                       |
| show @@sql.sum.table                                         | Report  Table RW Stat                      |
| show @@parser                                                | Report parser status                       |
| show @@router                                                | Report router status                       |
| show @@heartbeat                                             | Report heartbeat status                    |
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?                         | Report heartbeat current detail            |
| show @@slow where schema = ?                                 | Report schema slow sql                     |
| show @@slow where datanode = ?                               | Report datanode slow sql                   |
| show @@sysparam                                              | Report system param                        |
| show @@syslog limit=?                                        | Report system mycat.log                    |
| show @@white                                                 | show mycat white host                      |
| show @@white.set=?,?                                         | set mycat white host,[ip,user]             |
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2                                   | show mycat direct memory usage             |
| show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency       |
| switch @@datasource name:index                               | Switch dataSource                          |
| kill @@connection id1,id2,...                                | Kill the specified connections             |
| stop @@heartbeat name:time                                   | Pause dataNode heartbeat                   |
| reload @@config                                              | Reload basic config from file              |
| reload @@config_all                                          | Reload all config from file                |
| reload @@route                                               | Reload route config from file              |
| reload @@user                                                | Reload user config from file               |
| reload @@sqlslow=                                            | Set Slow SQL Time(ms)                      |
| reload @@user_stat                                           | Reset show @@sql  @@sql.sum @@sql.slow     |
| rollback @@config                                            | Rollback all config from memory            |
| rollback @@route                                             | Rollback route config from memory          |
| rollback @@user                                              | Rollback user config from memory           |
| reload @@sqlstat=open                                        | Open real-time sql stat analyzer           |
| reload @@sqlstat=close                                       | Close real-time sql stat analyzer          |
| offline                                                      | Change MyCat status to OFF                 |
| online                                                       | Change MyCat status to ON                  |
| clear @@slow where schema = ?                                | Clear slow sql by schema                   |
| clear @@slow where datanode = ?                              | Clear slow sql by datanode                 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.16 sec)

遇到如下错误：

EFsSNn.png

修改schema.xml 文件属性checkSQLschema:

<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100">