第二章开篇,作者抛出一个问题,锻炼身体或塑形的变化通过肉眼可见,那么经过训练,大脑的变化可以看得见吗?随后通过三组对于伦敦出租车司机的科学实验,证实:持续的强度训练会改变大脑。以下是第三组实验:
在讲述Adaptability时,作者首先澄清人们对于大脑的认识误区:The general belief was the once a person reached adulthood, the wiring of his brain was pretty much fixed. 事实上,人的大脑和人的身体一样,具有极强的适应性。The brain’s structure and function are not fixed; they change in response to use. 大脑主要通过“rewiring”和“repurposing”的方式来拓展适应性。在 “改善老花眼”的的案例中,通过大脑方面的训练,提升解读视觉信号的能力,甚至可以弥补在视力方面的缺陷,有力地佐证了大脑具有极强的适应性,可以通过训练来完成看似不可能的任务。It is possible to shape the brain in the ways that we desire through conscious, deliberate training.
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1、The consequences are a boon for optometrists and a bother for the over-fifty crowd ./一个有用的句式 something is a boon for A and a bother for B 就是对一个人来说是好事,而对另外一个人来说是麻烦事 / 联想到:one man’s meat is another man’s poison, One person’s mission is another person’s minutiae
仿句:Online shopping is a boon for customers and a bother for brick-and-mortar stores.
2、A prospective cabbie 一个词是prospective ,可以用来形容人或物,形容人表示“未来可能成为”,联想到:mother to be / 另一个词cabbie,特指出租车司机。
3、……and unfathomable memory 看到unfathomable这个词, 想到了马克吐温/马克.吐温的童年是在密西西比河边上长大的,曾经当过船上的水手,笔名MarkTwain是源自其早年水手术语,测量水深时, “Mark Twain!”意为“两个标记”,亦即水深两英寻(约3.7米,1寻约1.852米),这是轮船安全航行的必要条件。而fathom就是这个测量水深的单位“英寻” fathom: a measurement of 6 feet or 1.8 metres, used when referring to the depth of water. 那么unfathomable 就是“深不可测的”。
4、More to the point, the size of the hippocampus is quite flexible in at least some species of birds … / more to the point, 表递进“说的更确切些”。
5、在进行出租车司机第三组实验时,出现as well as another thirty-one males of similar ages to serve as controls . 这里的control就是指实验中的对照组。