headerObj中添加了token请求头，注意修改

// 引用组件
import EleUpload from '@/components/upload/ele-upload'
<ele-upload
          ref="uploadRef"
          :fileList="回显使用的文件列表List"
          :associateId="关联条目的id"
          businessType="业务代码（用以区分同一个id条目下的多种类型的附件）"/>
// 获取组件内的文件列表
const fileList = this.$refs.uploadRef.getFileList()

组件内容

<template>
  <div>
    <el-upload
      :headers="headerObj"
      :limit="limitCount"
      :action="$http.adornUrl('/common/uploadFile')"
      list-type="picture-card"
      :file-list="childFileList"
      :data="{
        associateId: associateId,
        businessType: businessType
      }"
      :on-success="handleAvatarSuccess"
      :before-upload="beforeAvatarUpload"
      :on-preview="handlePictureCardPreview"
      :on-remove="handleRemove"
      :on-error="onError">
      <i class="el-icon-plus"></i>
      </el-upload>
    <el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible" :modal="false" width="60%">
      <img width="100%" :src="dialogImageUrl" alt="">
    </el-dialog>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name: 'ele-upload',
    props: {
      fileList: {
        type: Array,
        required: true
      },
      associateId: {
        type: Number
      },
      businessType: {
        type: String,
        required: true
      },
      maxSize: {
        type: Number,
        default: 2
        // 文件最大尺寸，单位MB，默认2MB
      },
      limitCount: {
        type: Number,
        default: 9
      }
    },
    data () {
      return {
        headerObj: {
          token: this.$cookie.get('token')
        },
        childFileList: [],
        dialogVisible: false,
        dialogImageUrl: ''
      }
    },
    watch: {
      fileList () {
        this.childFileList = []
        this.fileList.forEach(item => {
          if (item) {
            this.childFileList.push({
              name: item.fileOriginName,
              url: this.fileUploadPreUrl + item.virPath
            })
          }
        })
      }
    },
    computed: {
      fileUploadPreUrl () {
        return (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && process.env.OPEN_PROXY ? ('/proxyApi') : window.SITE_CONFIG.baseUrl)
      }
    },
    mounted () {
    },
    methods: {
      getFileList () {
        let fList = []
        this.childFileList.forEach(childFile => {
          fList.push({
            fileOriginName: childFile.name,
            virPath: childFile.url
          })
        })
        return fList
      },
      handleAvatarSuccess (res, file) {
        res.result.forEach(item => {
          this.childFileList.push({
            name: item.fileOriginName,
            url: this.fileUploadPreUrl + item.virPath
          })
        })
      },
      beforeAvatarUpload (file) {
        const isJPG = (file.type === 'image/jpeg' || file.type === 'image/png')
        const isLtM = file.size / 1024 / 1024 < this.maxSize
        if (!isJPG) {
          this.$message.error('图片只能是 JPG, PNG 格式!')
        }
        if (!isLtM) {
          this.$message.error('图片大小不能超过 ' + this.maxSize + 'MB!')
        }
        return isJPG && isLtM
      },
      onError () {
        this.$message.error('图片上传失败!')
      },
      handleRemove (file, fileList) {
        this.childFileList = fileList
      },
      handlePictureCardPreview (file) {
        this.dialogImageUrl = file.url
        this.dialogVisible = true
      }
    }
  }
</script>