概括
- 英语中的十六种时态由 4 种时间和 4 种状态组成
| 一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行(一直) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 现在 | am/is/are/do(动词原形)/does(第三人称单数) | am/is/are doing | have done / has done | have been doing / has been doing |
| 过去 | was/were/did | was/were doing | had done | had been doing |
| 将来 | be going to do / will do | will be doing | will have done | will have been doing |
| 过去将来 | was/were going to do / would do / should do | would be doing | would have done | would have been doing |
一般现在时
- 一般现在时的结构表示为:
- 动词原形包括: am/is/are/do(动词原形)/does(第三人称单数)
- 通常用于下面几种情况
表示习惯或经常性的动作
I wake up at 7 a.m. every dayShe goes to the gym twice a week
表示事实或真理
The sun rises in the eastWater boils at 100°CI am a student
表示感官动词或心里状态
She feels tiredI love youHe like coffee
表示固定的安排或计划
My flight leaves at 9 a.m. tomorrowThe concert starts at 7 o'clock
表示肯定
- 结构: 主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加 -s 或 -es）
She is a gril
表示否定
- 结构: 主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形
She doesn't like coffeeI don't understand
表示疑问
- 结构: Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？
Do you like Coffee
现在进行时
- 用于表示当前正在发生的动作或正在进行的状态
- 现在进行时有以下几种表示
肯定句
- 结构为: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
We are playing footballShe is reading a book
否定句
- 结构为：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing
They aren't playing basketballI am not working today
疑问句
- 结构为：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing？
Are they playing basketball ?Is he watching TV?
现在完成时
- 用于表示一个动作或状态发生在过去，但与现在有某种联系或影响
- 现在进行时有以下几种表示:
肯定句
- 结构: 主语 + has/have + 过去分词（Past Participle）
I have finished my homeworkWe have lived here for five yearsShe has visited Paris
否定句
- 结构: 主语 + has/have + not + 过去分词
I haven't eaten breakfast yet.She hasn't finished his workThey haven't met him before.We haven't decided where to go
疑问句
- 结构: Has/Have + 主语 + 过去分词？
Have you seen that movie ?Has he finished the report ?Have they visited the museum?
现在完成进行时
- 表示某个动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍在继续。它强调动作的持续性和过程，而不仅仅是动作的结果。
- 现在完成进行时有以下几种表示：
肯定句
- 主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
I have been reading for two hours. // 我已经读了两个小时的书。
否定句
- 主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词-ing
She has not been working recently. // 她最近没有在工作。
疑问句
- Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词-ing?
Have you been studying? // 你一直在学习吗？
常用时间副词
- 与现在完成进行时两用的副词有for 和 since
- for表示持续一段时间：
He has been working here for five years (他在这里工作了五年了) - since 表示起始点：
We have been living here since 2010. (我们从2010年开始住在这里)
一般过去时
- 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与特定的时间点或时间段相关。这个时态强调动作已经完成，不在继续。
表示过去某个时间发生的工作或事件
I saw him yesterday 我昨天看见她了She graduated in 2010 她在2010年毕业
表示过去的习惯性动作或重复的行为
When I was a child, I played outside every day. 我小时候每天都在外面玩
表示过去的状态
He lived in New York for 5 years. 他曾在纽约住了5年The weather was cold last week. 上周天气很冷
肯定句
- 结构： 主语 + 动词的过去式
I visited London last year. 我去年访问了伦敦he was a teacher before. 他之前是个教师She worked hard yesterday. 她昨天努力工作
否定句
- 结构： 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形
They didn't go to the party. 他们没去参加聚会he didn't go to school. 他昨天没去上学
疑问句
- 结构： Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Did you go to the party last night? 你昨晚去聚会了吗？Did they arrive on time? 他们准时到达了吗？
常用时间副词
yesterdaylast： week， year， monthago： two days ago, three months agoin+年份： in 2020when： when i was a child
