1

Phi Beta Kappa

10% of U.S. colleges and universities have

Phi Beta Kappa chapters. These chapters select only 10% of their arts and

sciences graduates to join.

2

Raskolnikov

Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov (Russian:

Родиóн Ромáнович Раскóльников; IPA: [rəˈdʲɪˈon rɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕ rɐˈskolʲnʲɪkəf]) is

the fictional protagonist of Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The

name Raskolnikov derives from the Russian raskolnik meaning

"schismatic" (traditionally referring to a member of the Old Believer

movement). The name "Rodion" comes from Greek and indicates an

inhabitant of Rhodes.

Raskolnikov is a young ex-law student

living in extreme poverty in Saint Petersburg. He lives in a tiny garret which

he rents, although due to a lack of funds has been avoiding payment for quite

some time. He sleeps on a couch using old clothes as a pillow, and due to lack

of money eats very rarely. He is handsome and intelligent, though generally

disliked by fellow students. He is devoted to his sister (Avdotya Romanovna

Raskolnikova) and his mother (Pulkheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikova).

此处可以理解为作者对自己的一种自怜，既有对大环境的无奈和悲哀，也有自身的天赋等种种原因。导致求学高不成、低不就。

3

Rhett Butler

In the beginning of the novel, we firstmeet Rhett at the Twelve Oaks Plantation barbecue, the home of John Wilkes andhis son Ashley and daughters Honey and India Wilkes. The novel describes Rhettas "a visitor from Charleston"; a black sheep, who was expelled fromWest Point and is not received by any family with reputation in the whole ofCharleston, and perhaps all of South Carolina.

On her way back to Aunt Pittypat's Scarlettmeets Frank Kennedy, her sister Suellen's beau. Learning that Frank has donevery well for himself, she plies him with affection, falsely tells him thatSuellen is tired of waiting and plans to marry someone else, and finally securesa marriage proposal from him, which she accepts. Scarlett is shocked when shesees Rhett while she is running Frank's store, free from the Yankees and amusedthat she has rushed into yet another marriage with a man she does not love,much less the fact that she stole him right out from under her sister's nose.

Frank Kennedy is killed during a Ku KluxKlan raid on the shanty town after Scarlett is attacked. Rhett saves AshleyWilkes and several others by alibiing them to the Yankee captain, a man with whomhe has played cards on several occasions.

Scarlett accepts only for Rhett's money. Inthe novel, Rhett's fortune is estimated at $500,000 ($8,178,409 as of 2016)[1]Rhett secretly hopes that Scarlett will eventually return the love he's hadsince the day he saw her at Twelve Oaks. Her continuing affection for AshleyWilkes becomes a problem for the couple, however.

He knows that Scarlett could never be happy

with Ashley and when she discovers that, he does not want to be around when she

throws her obsession onto him.

此句可以理解为自我尊重只与自己有关，它并不是一件可有可无的东西。

4

Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitoneor phenobarb, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization forthe treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.[3] In thedeveloped world it is commonly used to treat seizures in young children,[4]while other medications are generally used in older children and adults.[5] Itmay be used intravenously, injected into a muscle, or taken by mouth. Theinjectable form may be used to treat status epilepticus. Phenobarbital isoccasionally used to treat trouble sleeping, anxiety, and drug withdrawal andto help with surgery.[1] It usually begins working within five minutes whenused intravenously and half an hour when administered orally.[1] Its effectslast for between four hours and two days.[1][2]

Side effects include a decreased level ofconsciousness along with a decreased effort to breathe. There is concern aboutboth abuse and withdrawal following long-term use. It may also increase therisk of suicide. It is pregnancy category B or D in the United States andcategory D in Australia, meaning that it may cause harm when taken by pregnantwomen.[1][6] If used during breastfeeding it may result in drowsiness in thebaby.[7] A lower dose is recommended in those with poor liver or kidneyfunction, as well as elderly people. Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that worksby increasing the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.[1]

Phenobarbital was discovered in 1912 and is

the oldest still commonly used anti-seizure medication.[8][9] It is on the

World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and

safe medicines needed in a health system.[10] It is the least expensive

anti-seizure medication at around $5 USD a year in the developing world. Access

however may be difficult as some countries label it as a controlled drug.[11]

5

Appointment in Samarra

pointment In Samarra, published in 1934, isthe first novel by American writer John O'Hara (1905 – 1970). It concerns theself-destruction and suicide of the fictional character Julian English, awealthy car dealer who was once a member of the social elite of Gibbsville(O'Hara's fictionalized version of Pottsville, Pennsylvania). The book createdcontroversy due to O'Hara's inclusion of sexual content.[1]

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked

Appointment in Samarra 22nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels

of the 20th century.

6

The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written byAmerican author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living inthe fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922.The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsbyand his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante DaisyBuchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, The Great Gatsby exploresthemes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, andexcess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that hasbeen described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream.[1][2]

Fitzgerald—inspired by the parties he hadattended while visiting Long Island's north shore—began planning the novel in1923, desiring to produce, in his words, "something new—somethingextraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned."[3]Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a moveto the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book wasvague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter. Fitzgerald wasrepeatedly ambivalent about the book's title and he considered a variety ofalternatives, including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio;the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red, White, andBlue.

First published by Scribner's in April

1925, The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly; in its first

year, the book sold only 20,000 copies. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing

himself to be a failure and his work forgotten. However, the novel experienced

a revival during World War II, and became a part of American high school

curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades.

Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a

contender for the title "Great American Novel." In 1998, the Modern

Library editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second

best English-language novel of the same time period.[4]

7

Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontë's onlynovel. Written between October 1845 and June 1846,[1] Wuthering Heights waspublished in 1847 under the pseudonym "Ellis Bell"; Brontë died thefollowing year, aged 30. Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey wereaccepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sisterCharlotte's novel, Jane Eyre. After Emily's death, Charlotte edited themanuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited version to bepublished as a posthumous second edition in 1850.[2]

Although Wuthering Heights is now widelyregarded as a classic of English literature, contemporary reviews for the novelwere deeply polarised; it was considered controversial because its depiction ofmental and physical cruelty was unusually stark, and it challenged strictVictorian ideals of the day regarding religious hypocrisy, morality, socialclasses and gender inequality.[3][4][5] The English poet and painter DanteGabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as "Afiend of a book – an incredible monster[...] The action is laid in hell, – only it seems places and people haveEnglish names there."[6]

The novel has inspired adaptations,

including film, radio and television dramatisations, a musical by Bernard J.

Taylor, a ballet, operas (by Bernard Herrmann, Carlisle Floyd, and Frédéric

Chaslin), and a 1978 song by Kate Bush.

; one runs away to find oneself, and finds no one at home.

学中当学霸受阻，转而领悟人生真谛：自我尊重就是和自己孤独地相处。