On sports technology 1
The Olympic motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius." Faster, Higher, Stronger.
ps:奥林匹克的座右铭是“Citius，Altius，Fortius”。更快，更高，更强。
Olympic motto奥林匹克格言
Faster更快的; 快; 快速
Higher学生高级证书考试(应试年龄一般在17至18岁); 高等级的; 级别较高的
Stronger强壮的; 强健的; 强的; 强劲的; 强烈的，深刻的; strong的比较级
And athletes have fulfilled that motto rapidly.
ps:运动员们很快就实现了这一格言。
athletes运动员; 田径运动员; 擅长运动的人; 健儿; athlete的复数
fulfilled感到满足的; 觉得满意的; 满足的; 实现; 履行; 执行; 符合; 具备; 起…作用; 目的是; fulfil的过去分词和过去式; fulfill的过去分词和过去式
motto座右铭; 格言; 箴言
rapidly迅速; 高速; 急速地; 急促
The winner of the 2012 Olympic marathon ran two hours and eight minutes.
Had he been racing against the winner of the 1904 Olympic marathon, he would have won by nearly an hour and a half.
ps:如果他和1904年奥运会马拉松的冠军赛跑的话，他将赢得将近一个半小时的比赛。
racing赛马; 速度比赛; 比赛; 参加比赛; 使比赛; 让…参加速度比赛; 快速移动，快速运转; race的现在分词
against反对; 与…相反; 逆; 违反; 对…不利; 紧靠; 倚; 碰; 撞
winner获胜的人; 优胜者; 成功者; 可能成功的人; 制胜的一记入球; 赢得比赛的一分
Olympic奥林匹克运动会的; 奥林匹克运动会比赛项目
marathon马拉松赛跑(距离约42公里，合26英里); 马拉松式的活动; 需要极大持久力的
would(will的过去式，用于转述)将，将会; 带出想象的结果; 就会; 想要; 希望; 愿意; 喜欢; 立定志向; 决心; 决意; 立遗嘱将赠与; 立遗嘱赠与; will的过去式
won获胜，赢; 赢得，夺取，获得，挣得; 取得; win的过去分词和过去式
nearly几乎; 差不多; 将近
an hour一小时; “an/per hour”的变体
Now we all have this feeling that we're somehow just getting better as a human race, inexorably progressing, but it's not like we've evolved into a new species in a century.
ps:现在我们都有这样的感觉，作为一个人类，我们正以某种方式变得越来越好，不可阻挡地进步，但这并不像我们在一个世纪里进化成了一个新物种。
feeling感觉，感触; 想法; 看法; 信念; 态度; 意见; 觉得; 感到; 体会到; 注意到，意识到，感觉到; 感觉到; feel的现在分词
somehow以某种方式; 由于某种未知的原因; 不知为什么; 不知怎么地
inexorablyadv.无情地；冷酷地
progressing进步; 改进; 进展; 前进; 行进; 推移，流逝; progress的现在分词
've(=value engineering)价值工程学; 同“have”
evolved逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变; 进化; 进化形成; evolve的过去分词和过去式
So what's going on here?
I want to take a look at what's really behind this march of athletic progress.
ps:我想看看这场运动进步的背后到底是什么。
what什么; …的事物; 无论什么; 凡是…的事物; 多么; 真; 太
really事实上，真正地，真实地; 确实，的确; 加强形容词或副词的语气
behind在…的后面; 在…的背面; 落后于; 支持; 赞成; 在后面较远处; 留在原地; 拖欠; 积压; 义同bottom，委婉说法，即屁股
march齐步走; 行进; 前进，进发; 使同行; 强迫一起走; 示威游行; 抗议游行; 行军; 稳步发展; 稳步前进
athletic健壮的; 体育运动的; 田径运动的
progress进步; 进展; 进程; 前进; 行进; 改进; 推移，流逝
In 1936, Jesse Owens held the world record in the 100 meters.
Had Jesse Owens been racing last year in the world championships of the 100 meters, when Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt finished, Owens would have still had 14 feet to go.
ps:如果杰西·欧文斯去年参加了牙买加短跑运动员乌塞恩·博尔特的100米世锦赛，那么欧文斯还有14英尺的路要走。
championships锦标赛; 冠军地位; championship的复数
meters计量器，计量表; 计; 仪; 表; 用仪表计量; meter的第三人称单数和复数
Jamaican牙买加人; 牙买加的; 牙买加人的; 牙买加文化的
sprinter短跑运动员;短程竞赛选手
Bolt闩，插销; 螺栓; 闪电; 用插销闩上; 能被闩上; 用螺栓把固定在一起; 脱缰; 突然地; 像箭似地; 直立地
finished完成; 不再与…打交道; 垮台; 失败; 完蛋; 完成了的; 做好; 结束; 吃完，喝光，用尽; finish的
That's a lot in sprinter land.
ps:短道领域非常多。
a lot常; 许多
sprinter短跑运动员;短程竞赛选手
land陆地; 大地; 地带，土地; 地产; 地皮; 落; 降落; 着陆; 使平稳着陆; 着陆，登陆
To give you a sense of how much it is, I want to share with you a demonstration conceived by sports scientist Ross Tucker.
Now picture the stadium last year at the world championships of the 100 meters: thousands of fans waiting with baited breath to see Usain Bolt, the fastest man in history; flashbulbs popping as the nine fastest men in the world coil themselves into their blocks.
ps:现在想象一下去年100米世锦赛上的体育场：成千上万的球迷屏住呼吸等着看历史上跑得最快的人乌塞恩·博尔特；当世界上9个跑得最快的人蜷缩在他们的街区里时，闪光灯突然冒出来。
stadium体育场; 运动场
last year去年; 上年; 那个俱乐部去年解散了
thousands of几千; 成千上万
baited下诱饵; 在放诱饵; 激怒; 纵犬袭击; bait的过去分词和过去式
in history在历史中
flashbulbs闪光灯泡; flashbulb的复数
popping发砰砰声; 爆裂，发爆裂声; 去; pop的现在分词
coil缠绕，盘绕; 圈，卷，盘; 一圈; 线圈; 绕组
And I want you to pretend that Jesse Owens is in that race.
Now close your eyes for a second and picture the race.
Bang! The gun goes off.
An American sprinter jumps out to the front.
ps:一个美国短跑运动员跳到前面。
American美洲人; 美国人; 美国英语; 美洲的; 美国的
sprinter短跑运动员;短程竞赛选手
jumps跳; 跃; 跳跃; 跳过; 跃过; 跨越; 快速移动; 突然移动; jump的第三人称单数
front正面; 前面; 正前方; 前部; 前面的; 前部的; 在前的; 正面的; 舌前位发的; 舌前的; 面向; 在…前面; 朝; 向; 用…作正面; 用…覆盖正面; 领导，代表
Usain Bolt starts to catch him.
Usain Bolt passes him, and as the runners come to the finish, you'll hear a beep as each man crosses the line.
ps:乌塞恩·博尔特超过了他，当选手们到达终点时，你们会听到一声哔哔的响声，因为每个人都过了线。
Bolt闩，插销; 螺栓; 闪电; 用插销闩上; 能被闩上; 用螺栓把固定在一起; 脱缰; 突然地; 像箭似地; 直立地
passes通过; 走过; 沿某方向前进; 向某方向移动; 使沿移动; 使达到; pass的第三人称单数
runners奔跑的人，奔跑的动物; 走私者; 偷运者; 条状滑行装置; runner的复数
come to恢复知觉; 苏醒
finish完成; 做好; 结束; 吃完，喝光，用尽; 最后部分; 结尾; 结局; 末道漆; 抛光; 成品表面; 最后精细加工
hear听见; 听到; 听; 注意听; 倾听; 听说; 得知
beep嘟嘟声，哔哔声; 发出哔哔声; 发出嘟嘟声
each各自，各个，每个
crosses叉字形记号; 十字形记号; 十字架; 穿越; 越过; 横过; 渡过; 交叉; 相交; 使交叉; 使交叠; cross的第三人称单数和复数
line线; 线条; 界线; 场地线，场界; 皱纹; 褶子; 做衬里; 形成一层; 沿…形成行
That's the entire finish of the race.
You can open your eyes now.
That first beep was Usain Bolt.
That last beep was Jesse Owens.
Listen to it again.
When you think of it like that, it's not that big a difference, is it?
And then consider that Usain Bolt started by propelling himself out of blocks down a specially fabricated carpet designed to allow him to travel as fast as humanly possible.
ps:然后考虑一下乌塞恩·博尔特一开始是把自己从一块特制的地毯上推出来的，这种地毯是为了让他能够尽可能快地行走。
propelling推动; 驱动; 推进; 驱使; 迫使; 推搡; propel的现在分词
out of从…里面；离开; 从…的状态中; 越出…之外
blocks大块; 立方体; 大楼; 一栋楼房; 四面临街的一方块楼群; 街区; 堵塞; 阻塞; 堵住; 挡住; 妨碍; 阻碍; block的第三人称单数和复数
specially专门地; 特意; 格外; 特别; 尤其
fabricated编造; 捏造; 制造; 装配; 组装; fabricate的过去分词和过去式
carpet地毯; 覆盖地面的一层厚东西; 用地毯铺地; 把…厚厚地覆盖; 厚厚地铺上; 训斥; 斥责
fast as和…一样快，迅速，立即
humanly在人力所能及的范围内; 以人特有的方式
Jesse Owens, on the other hand, ran on cinders, the ash from burnt wood, and that soft surface stole far more energy from his legs as he ran.
ps:另一方面，杰西·欧文斯在燃烧的木屑上奔跑，那柔软的表面在他奔跑的时候从他的腿上偷走了更多的能量。
cinders灰渣; 煤渣; 炉渣; cinder的复数
ash灰; 灰烬; 废墟; 骨灰
burnt烧坏的; 烧伤的; 烫伤的; 灼伤的; 燃烧; 烧; 着火; 烧着; 烧毁，烧坏，烧伤，烧死; burn的过去分词和过去式
and that而且，并且
stole女用披肩; 圣带; 偷; 窃取; 偷偷地移动; steal的过去式
far more许多; 多得多的; 更多的
legs腿; 动物的腿，腿肉; 裤腿; leg的第三人称单数和复数
Rather than blocks, Jesse Owens had a gardening trowel that he had to use to dig holes in the cinders to start from.
ps:杰西·欧文斯没有用积木，而是用一把园艺用的泥刀在煤渣上挖洞。
Jesse耶西
Owens欧文斯（Jesse，1913—1980，美国黑人短跑运动员）
gardening做园艺工作; 种植花木; garden的现在分词
trowel小铲子; 瓦刀，镘刀，抹子
use to应用领域; 用途; 习惯
dig掘; 凿; 挖; 掘得; 掘出; 寻找，搜寻; 轻碰，轻戳，轻推; 挖苦; 嘲讽; 考古发掘
holes洞; 孔; 坑; 裂口; 开口; 孔眼; 洞穴; 巢穴; 打洞，造成破洞; 击球入洞; hole的第三人称单数和复数
cinders英 [ˈsɪndəz] 美 [ˈsɪndərz] n.灰渣;煤渣;炉渣cinder的复数
start from出发; 从…开始
Biomechanical analysis of the speed of Owens' joints shows that had he been running on the same surface as Bolt, he wouldn't have been 14 feet behind, he would have been within one stride.
ps:对欧文斯关节速度的生物力学分析显示，如果他和博尔特在同一个平面上跑步，他不会落后14英尺，他会在一步之内。
analysis分析，分析结果; 分析
Owens欧文斯（Jesse，1913—1980，美国黑人短跑运动员）
joints关节; 接头; 接合处; 接点; 一块烤肉; 把…切成带骨的大块肉; joint的第三人称单数和复数
running跑; 跑步; 管理; 操纵; 操作; 走私; 偷运; (置于数字和year、day或time等名词后，表示同样的事一再重复)连续; 活的，流淌的，流动的; 持久的; 连续不断的; 奔跑; 做跑步运动; run的现在分词
surface表面; 表层; 面; 水面; 地面; 液面; 顶面，操作台; 升到水面; 浮出水面; 露面，重新出现，显露，被披露; 醒来; 起床
Bolt闩，插销; 螺栓; 闪电; 用插销闩上; 能被闩上; 用螺栓把固定在一起; 脱缰; 突然地; 像箭似地; 直立地
feetfoot 的复数
behind在…的后面; 在…的背面; 落后于; 支持; 赞成; 在后面较远处; 留在原地; 拖欠; 积压; 义同bottom，委婉说法，即屁股
stride大步走; 阔步行走; 大步; 一步; 步态; 步伐; 进展; 进步; 发展
Rather than the last beep, Owens would have been the second beep.
ps:欧文斯不是最后一声，而是第二声。
last最后的; 最末的; 末尾的; 最近的; 上一个的; 仅剩下的; 最终的; 最后; 最终; 终结; 最新; 最近; 上一次; 最后来的人; 仅剩下的部分; 持续; 继续; 延续; 继续存在; 持续起作用; 持久; 坚持下去; 超越; 鞋楦
beep嘟嘟声，哔哔声; 发出哔哔声; 发出嘟嘟声
Owens欧文斯（Jesse，1913—1980，美国黑人短跑运动员）
would(will的过去式，用于转述)将，将会; 带出想象的结果; 就会; 想要; 希望; 愿意; 喜欢; 立定志向; 决心; 决意; 立遗嘱将赠与; 立遗嘱赠与; will的过去式
second第二; 居第二位的; 另外的; 外加的; 以第二名; 以第二位; 第二，其次; 秒; 片刻; 瞬
Listen to it again.
That's the difference track surface technology has made, and it's done it throughout the running world.
ps:这就是赛道表面技术的不同之处，它已经在整个跑步世界中实现了
difference差别; 差异; 不同; 变化; 差; 差额; 意见分歧; 不和; 辨别; 区分
technology科技; 工艺; 工程技术; 技术学; 工艺学; 技术性机器
made…制造的; 制作…的; 制造; 做; 组装; 写; 出产; 制订; 铺床; make的过去分词和过去式
done完毕; 了结; 结束; 煮熟; 熟了; 合乎礼仪; 合乎规矩; 得体; 行，好; 做，干，办; 做; 行动; 表现; 进展，进行; do的过去分词
throughout各处; 遍及; 自始至终; 贯穿整个时期; 始终; 处处; 在所有方面
running跑; 跑步; 管理; 操纵; 操作; 走私; 偷运; (置于数字和year、day或time等名词后，表示同样的事一再重复)连续; 活的，流淌的，流动的; 持久的; 连续不断的; 奔跑; 做跑步运动; run的现在分词
world世界; 地球; 天下; 某地域的人类社会; 星球，天体
Questions:
1.What advantage did Usain Bolt have over Jesse Owens?
He had access to better technology.
2.what is the purpose of his presentation?
to discuss why athletes seemingly have progressed so much.
3.To"take a stride" means
to take a long step while walking or running.
4.How does the cinders affect Owens' speed?
They stole energy from his legs which resulted in a slower time.
5.Why does Epstein use the sound recording?
to show how technology can improve an athlete's performance
Fill in the blanks:
Biomechanical analysis of the speed of Owens' joints shows that had he been running on the same surface as Bolt, he wouldn't have been 14 feet behind, he would have been within one stride.
Read and repeat the sentences:
1.Athletes have accomplished greater feats over the last century.
2.I want to take a look at what's really behind this march of athletic progress.
3.That's the difference track surface technology has made, and it's done it throughout the running world
4.If a process is inexorable, it cannot be stopped.
5.The cinders slowed Owens down which resulted in a slower time.
6.The sound recording helps show the difference technology can make in a race.
7.I want to take a look at what's really behind this march of athletic progress.
