本文旨在介绍基于automatic installer的PALM model system (后面简称PALM) 在Linux 系统上的安装过程，PALM的详细信息参考[PALM官网](https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki) 。如下所示：
#一. 安装方法：
PALM提供了三种安装方法：
1. [An automatic installer](https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/install/automatic) ，下载 [palm_ installer](https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/raw-attachment/wiki/doc/install/automatic/palm_installer "Attachment 'palm_installer' in doc/install/automatic")，在终端输入```bash palm_installer```执行命令即可，功能全面，需要安装其他数据库。
2. [A simple manual installation method](https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/install/simple) 需要手动输入多条命令，虽然不需要安装其他数据库，但simple 不需要安装netcdf库，而netcdf库主要就是美国大气协会研究开发的网络通用数据格式，后期处理的时候netcdf库能够处理复杂的数据, simple installation 是无法处理的，因此对于需要模拟复杂条件下的大气边界层流动，不建议采用此方法安装。
3. [An advanced manual installation method](https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/wiki/doc/install/advanced) 高级版本安装，可以支持远程服务器的连接。
本文主要介绍automatic installer安装方法。
# 二. Automatic installer所需安装条件：
1 The Bash-shell. 本文采用系统为Ubuntu 16.04
2 NetCDF 库，版本不低于3.6.4。该库的信息详见官网[http://www.unidata.ucar.edu](http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/)
3 FORTRAN 2003 编译器。本文采用Internet complier 2018 (for gfortran, 官方网站要求版本不低于 6.2.1, 之后会讲到，版本低于 6.2.1 仍能成功安装PALM）
4 Subversion, 在大部分Linux系统上已经集成
由于Ubuntu系统满足第1、3、4条件，所以仅需要安装Netcdf库，下面详细介绍该数据库的安装
#三. 基于GNU Fortran compiler的 PALM automatic installer 安装
采用编译器即为GNU Fortran compiler 安装PALM，gfortran, netcdf库可以在Ubuntu 系统上使用APT工具安装，输入如下代码即可完成PALM安装的配置工作 (https://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/trac/ticket/565#no1)：
```
sudo apt-get install subversion cmake gfortran mpich libmpich-dev libnetcdff-dev netcdf-bin libfftw3-dev libnetcdf-dev
```
然后输入
```
bash palm_installer
```
即可安装成功, 运行一个案例，输入
```
source /home/annie/.bashrc #配置环境变量#
cd /home/annie/palm/current_version # 回到palm工作文件夹#
palmrun -d example_cbl -a "d3#" -h "default" -X "4" -T "4"
```
显示如下
```
annie@ubuntu1:~/palm/current_version$ palmrun -d example_cbl -a "d3#" -h "default" -X "4" -T 4
*** palmrun 1.0 Rev: 3043 $
will be executed. Please wait ...
Reading the configuration file...
Reading the I/O files...
*** INFORMATIVE: additional source code directory
"/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/USER_CODE"
does not exist or is not a directory.
No source code will be used from this directory!
#------------------------------------------------------------------------#
| palmrun 1.0 Rev: 3043 $ 2018年 06月 29日 星期五 10:07:17 CST |
| |
| called on: ubuntu1 |
| host identifier: default (execute on IP: 127.0.0.1) |
| running in: interactive run mode |
| number of cores: 4 |
| tasks per node: 4 (number of nodes: 1) |
| |
| cpp directives: -cpp -D__fftw -D__gfortran -D__parallel -DMPI |
| _REAL=MPI_DOUBLE_PRECISION -DMPI_2REAL=MPI_2D |
| OUBLE_PRECISION -D__netcdf |
| compiler options: -Ofast -ffree-line-length-none -I /usr/includ |
| e -I /usr/include |
| linker options: -Ofast -ffree-line-length-none /usr/lib/x86_6 |
| 4-linux-gnu/libnetcdff.so /usr/lib/x86_64-lin |
| ux-gnu/libfftw3.so |
| |
| run identifier: example_cbl |
| activation string list: d3# |
#------------------------------------------------------------------------#
>>> everything o.k. (y/n) ? y
*** PALMRUN will now continue to execute on this machine
*** creating executable and other sources for the local host
*** nothing to compile for this run
*** executable and other sources created
*** changed to temporary directory: /home/annie/palm/current_version/tmp/example_cbl.23896
*** providing INPUT-files:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> INPUT: /home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/INPUT/example_cbl_p3d to PARIN
*** INFORMATIVE: some optional INPUT-files are not present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** all INPUT-files provided
*** execution of INPUT-commands:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> export ATP_ENABLED=1
>>> export MPICH_GNI_BTE_MULTI_CHANNEL=disabled
>>> ulimit -s unlimited
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** execution starts in directory
"/home/annie/palm/current_version/tmp/example_cbl.23896"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** execute command:
"mpirun -n 4 ./palm"
... reading environment parameters from ENVPAR --- finished
... reading NAMELIST parameters from PARIN --- finished
... creating virtual PE grids + MPI derived data types --- finished
... checking parameters --- finished
... allocating arrays --- finished
... initializing with constant profiles --- finished
... initializing statistics, boundary conditions, etc. --- finished
... creating initial disturbances --- finished
... calling pressure solver --- finished
... initializing surface layer --- finished
--- leaving init_3d_model
--- starting timestep-sequence
[XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX] 0.0 left
--- finished time-stepping
... calculating cpu statistics --- finished
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** execution finished
*** post-processing: now executing "mpirun -n 1 ./combine_plot_fields.x" ...
*** combine_plot_fields ***
uncoupled run
NetCDF output enabled
no XY-section data available
NetCDF output enabled
no XZ-section data available
no YZ-section data available
no 3D-data file available
*** execution of OUTPUT-commands:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> [[ -f LIST_PROFIL_1D ]] && cat LIST_PROFIL_1D >> LIST_PROFILE
>>> [[ -f LIST_PROFIL ]] && cat LIST_PROFIL >> LIST_PROFILE
>>> [[ -f PARTICLE_INFOS/_0000 ]] && cat PARTICLE_INFOS/* >> PARTICLE_INFO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** saving OUTPUT-files:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> OUTPUT: RUN_CONTROL to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/MONITORING/example_cbl_rc.002
>>> OUTPUT: HEADER to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/MONITORING/example_cbl_header.002
>>> OUTPUT: CPU_MEASURES to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/MONITORING/example_cbl_cpu.002
>>> OUTPUT: DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/OUTPUT/example_cbl_pr.002.nc
>>> OUTPUT: DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/OUTPUT/example_cbl_ts.002.nc
>>> OUTPUT: DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/OUTPUT/example_cbl_xy.002.nc
>>> OUTPUT: DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/OUTPUT/example_cbl_xz.002.nc
>>> OUTPUT: DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF to
/home/annie/palm/current_version/JOBS/example_cbl/OUTPUT/example_cbl_av_xz.002.nc
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** all OUTPUT-files saved
```
